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Volume : III, Issue : XI, December - 2013 Tribal Development Through Institutional Arrangement: A Case Study Of Daringbadi Block, Odisha Banamali Montry Published By : Laxmi Book Publication Abstract : Ever since the formulation of Indian Constitution, special emphasis has been laid on the development
of Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes in India. An exhaustive review of nearly sixty years of planned effort to
develop the scheduled tribes from their subsistence economy to a self-sufficient standard of living through a variety
of development programs under tribal sub plan approach brings out a very dismal picture about the successfulness
of the governmental programs at the macro level. The increased investment and change induced by numerous tribal
development programs have helped the tribals but marginally, which is neither in commensurate with the needs of
the tribals on the one hand and the money spent on the other. While the unsatisfactory performance of tribal
development programs in the past have been mainly due to inadequate appreciation of general apathy towards
problems of tribal people and their areas but the unresponsive institutional arrangements, indifferent and
inefficient administrative system and the manner in which it implements or administers the development programs,
the personnel and the role they play in tribal development, misuse of given funds, lack of proper understanding of
tribal culture, their social structure, customs, traditions and values together have contributed to such failure. Keywords : Article : Cite This Article : Banamali Montry, (2013). Tribal Development Through Institutional Arrangement: A Case Study Of Daringbadi Block, Odisha. Indian Streams Research Journal, Vol. III, Issue. XI, http://oldisrj.lbp.world/UploadedData/3395.pdf References : - N. K. Behura, "Constraints in Tribal Culture for Formal Education", in Buddhadeb Chaudhuri (ed.), Tribal Transformation in India, Volume TV, Inter-India Publications, New Delhi, 1992.
- The USA has educational programs like Early Childhood Project, Experimental Nursery School Programmes, Bilingual and Bicultural Education Programmes, Humanistic Education Programmes etc. which are primarily meant for the American Indians and other ethnic minority groups in the country. Britain has such educational programs as Sesame Street Television Programme, Bernstein Group Programmes for its emigrants and ethnic minority groups. New Zealand has Maori Play Centres for its Maori learners.
- Liquor prepared indigenously out of rice, mahua flowers and many other forest produce.
- In order not to be caught by police, the tribals or the Liquor vendors prepare daru in the forest or on the hilltop from a secluded place. In a hurry to finish the job as quickly as possible, and to have quick fermentation and maximum return, the liquor vendors and the tribals often apply chemicals and fertilisers. While this ensures quick fermentation and maximum return, in the ultimate analysis, it not only kills the mental faculty of the people, who take it, but also make most of them physically sick and weak.
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