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Volume : III, Issue : III, April - 2013 POLITICAL TRENDS AND DAWN OF JUSTICE PARTY C.VELUCHAMY Published By : Laxmi Book Publication Abstract : The Paper is an attempt to highlight the circumstances which favoured the Non-
Brahmin Movement otherwise called Dravidian Movement which had its birth in the
form of the Justice Party. Many political events were connected with the genesis of the
Justice Party which is considered the Mother of all the Dravidian Parties which
dominated the Independent Tamil Nadu Political Scenario. The domination of the
Brahmins, the role played by the Egmore-Mylapore groups and the Vembakkam Iyengar
Family in all public and political services in the late half of the Nineteenth Century and
in the first quarter of the Twentieth Century, the cultural renaissance ignited by Annie
Besant all inculcated a sprit of adventurism in the mind of the elite non-Brahmin leaders
who took steps to organize a political forum for the cause of Non-Brahmins. Hence the
formation of the Justice Party. Keywords : Article : Cite This Article : C.VELUCHAMY, (2013). POLITICAL TRENDS AND DAWN OF JUSTICE PARTY. Indian Streams Research Journal, Vol. III, Issue. III, http://oldisrj.lbp.world/UploadedData/2267.pdf References : - 1..Baker, C.J., The Politics of South India, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1976; Washbrook, D.A., The Emergence of Provincial Politics, The Madras Presidency , 1870-1920, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1976.
- 2.Pandian, M.S.S., Notes on the Transformation of 'Dravidian ' Ideology: Tamil Nadu, C.1900-1940, Working Paper No.120, Madras Institute of Development Studies Chennai, 1995. In his this work, he made explicit the weakness of these 'factional theories' about the Dravidian Movement.
- 3.In the pre-modern period, this rivalry was not confined to Tamil Nadu, alone but it was a panIndian phenomenon particularly during the periods of dominance of Buddhism. In Buddha's words 'Between ashes and gold there is a marked difference,but between a Brahmana and a Chandala' there is nothing of the kind. A Brahmana is not produced like fire by the friction of dry wood; he doesn't descend from the sky not from the air, nor does he come out piercing the earth. The Brahmana is brought forth from the womb of a women in exactly the same way as a chandala' (Lakshmi Narasu , P., A Study of Caste , reprint, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, 1988)
- 4.Saroja Sundarajan, March to Freedom in Madras Presidency, Lalitha Publications, Madras, 1989, p.42.
- 5. Ponnambalam Pillai, T., 'The Morality of the Ramayana' in Malabar Quarterly, Vol.III, No.2, June 1909, p.83; Eugene F Irschick Politics and Social Conflict in South India, The Non-Brahman Movement and Tamil Separatism, 1916-1929, University of Caifornia Press, Berkeley, 1969, pp.281-285
- 6. The non-Aryan languages are also met with such humiliation. For instance Tamil was identified by brahmins as 'asura 'or' mleecha' or 'nisha' basha.
- 7. Eugene F.Irschick , op.cit., pp.283-284.
- 8.Subramaniam, N., The Brahmin in the Tamil Country, Ennes Publications, Madurai, 1989,p.126.
- 9. Venkatachalapathy, A.R., In those Days There was no Coffee, Writings in Cultural History, Yoda Press, New Delhi, 2006, p..102
- 10.Eugene F.Irschick op.cit., 1969; Saraswathi, S., Minorities in Madras State: Group Interest in Modern Politics, Impex, New Delhi, 1974; Nambi Arooran , K., Tamil Renaissance and Dravidian Nationalism, 1905-1944, Koodal Publishers, Madurai, 1980; Rajaraman P. , The Justice Party, A historical perspective, 1916-37, Poompozhil Publishers, Chennai, 1988, Parthasarathy, T.M., Thi.Mu. Ka. Varalaru (Tamil), Bharathi Nilayam, Chennai, 1984; and Murasoli Maran, Dravida Iyakka Varalaru (Tamil), Part.I, Pothaga Solai, Chennai, 1991.
- The reason for the opposition is that the Brahmin boys don't want to sit along with the 'pariah' boy and the teacher, who are also mostly Brahmins, don't want to teach the pariah boy. The British, though opposed this type of discrimination in principle, don't want to interfere in such native institution. Radhakrishnan, P., 'Communal Representations in Tamil Nadu, 1850-1916: The Pre-Brahmin Movement Phase' in Economic and Political Weekly, 31 July 1993.
- 12..In Madurai, there were more than ten thousand students, distributed in different classes of two to three hundred. These students were all Brahmins, for only they had the right to apply themselves to the acquisition of higher knowledge; the other castes, especially the vaisyas and the sudras and excluded from it". Murasoli Maroon op.cit..1991.
- 13. Baker, C.J., op.cit., pp.22-23.
- 14. Saraswathi, S. op.cit., 1974, Eugene F. Irschick, . op.cit., 1969, Nambi ArooranK., op.cit., (1980),Becker C.J., op.cit., 1976, Rajaraman P. , op.cit., 1988, are some of the other studies which provide a substantial empirical base to such domination.
- 15. Saraswathi, S., op.cit., p.36.
- 16. Saroja Sundrarajan, Madras Presidency in Pre-Gandhian Era, A Historical Perspective, Lalitha Publications, Pondicherry, 1997, pp.335-336.
- 17.Fuller , C.J., and Haripriya Narasimhan, 'Traditional Vocations and Modern Professions among Tamil Brahmins in Colonial and Post-Colonial South India', in The Indian Economic and Social History Review,Vol.47, Issue.4, 2010, New Delhi, p.p.473-496.
- 18.Eugene F.Irschick, op.cit., p.232.
- 19..Saroja Sundararajan, Madras Presidency in Pre-Gandhian Era, A Historical Perspective, op.cit., p.335
- 20.Rajaraman, P., op.cit., p.53.
- 21. Ibid.,p.54.
- 22.Evidence given by K.V. Reddi Naidu before the Joint select committee of the House of Lords and Commons on the Government of India Bill, published in London Civil Service Gazette in September 1919.
- 23.Eugene F.Irschick, op.cit., pp.20-21.
- 24.Ibid; Nambi Arooran , K. op.cit., passim.
- 25.Nambi Arooran , K., op.cit., pp.15-23.
- 26.Spratt,P., D.M.K. in Power, Nachiketa Publication , Bombay, 1970, pp.11-14.
- 27.Eugene F. Irschick, op.cit., pp.12-13.
- 28.Ibid., pp.20-21.
- 30. In June 1914 Beasant started 'New India' and started intensive campaign claiming Home rule for India. She became a delegate to the Indian National Congress in December 1914Gopalakrishnan, S., Political Movements in South India, 1914-1929, New Era Publications, Madras, 1981, .p.32.
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