Indian Streams Research Journal

Volume : III, Issue : III, April - 2013

A STUDY ON THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE MUSLIMS OF TRIPURA

ALAK BHATTACHRYA AND MIJANUR RAHAMAN

Published By : Laxmi Book Publication

Abstract :

Tripura is a small state of India union situated in the North-Eastern part of the Indian sub-continent. The state lies within the latitudes 22º56'N -24º32'N and between the longitudes 90º10' E-92º21' E. The area of Tripura, in ancient time, was said to be very extensive. Assam and Mizoram bound it on the north and the east respectively; while Bangladesh lies on the west; the northwest; the South and the South-east.Tripura did not have a distinct political status or demarcated boundary as it has today. One of the earlier kings of Tripura brought a number of Muslim families along with other Bengali castes of Hindu communities from the Muslim Sultan of Bengal and he arranged their permanent settlement in all over Tripura. Since then from time to time, the Muslim Bengalis like the major Hindu Bengali inhabitants migrated from the plain lands adjacent to the present Tripura which was regarded as District of Tipperah or State of Hill Tipperah

Keywords :

• POLITICAL
• MUSLIMS

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1. 3Gustave le Beon : Les Civilizations de L'Inde, Book III, p.146
2. 4Kailash Chandra Singha, Rajmala, Akhswar Publications, p.7
3. 5Ibid,p.8
4. 6Ibid, pp.19,21
5. 7Asim Roy, 1983, Islamic Syncretistic Tradition of Bengal, New Delhi: Sterling, pp. 93, 104.
6. 8A. Hakim Shah Khullakpam, 2008, The Manipur Governance to Meitei Pangal, Imphal: Pearl (names are given in distorted forms as Sadik, Pala Koireng, Kutuwan etc); Dr Ko Ko Gyi's Blog, Autobiography of Dr Abdul Rahman Zafrudin, accessed on 10 Nov.2010.
7. 9 Farooque Ahmed, Silk Trade and Manipuri Muslims, in South Asia Politics, April 2009, New Delhi. 10B.K.,Roy Barman Demographic and socio-economic profile of the Hill areas of North East India,(compiled from the Census of India, 1961) p.208
8. 11Nalini Ranjan Roy Choudhury, 'The Historical Past' in Gan- Choudhuri, Jagdish(ed),'Tripura the land and it's people', Delhi, Leeladevi Publications. 1980, pp. 13-18
9. 12Colved Prakash, 'Encyclopedia of North East India', Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, vol.I., p.44 13Singha,op cit,p.38
10. 14Ibid, p.41
11. 15Stewart, History of Bengal , p:44
12. 16S. A. Rahaman ,The beautiful India: Tripura, ,Reference Press, New Delhi, p.34-35.
13. 17Omesh Saigal,Tripura, p.29
14. 18Rahaman, op.cit.p.36
15. 19Ibid,p.45
16. 0Rahaman,op.cit,pp.37-38
17. 21Singha, op.cit,p.43
18. 22Singha, op.cit.,pp.46-47
19. 23Ibid,p.47
20. 24Ibid,p.48
21. 20Rahaman,op.cit,pp.37-38
22. 21Singha, op.cit,p.43
23. 22Singha, op.cit.,pp.46-47
24. 23Ibid,p.47
25. 24Ibid,p.48
26. 5Rahaman,op.cit,p..39
27. 26 Singha, op.cit.,p.49
28. 27Rahaman, op. cit,p.41
29. 28Singha,op.cit.,p.53
30. 29Ibid,p.57
31. 30Rahaman,op.cit,p.43
32. 31Singha, op.cit.,pp.58-59
33. 32Ramanimohan Sharma, “Political History of Tripura”,p.214
34. Ibid,p.216 34Ibid,p.216
35. 35Rahaman,op.cit.,p.45 36Singha,op.cit.,p.61
36. 37Ibid,p.61 38Sarma,op.cit.,.p.109 39R.P. Tripathi, The Rise and Fall of Mughal Empire.
37. 40 Cheitharol Kumbaba, notes about the Manipur and Mughals led by Sayyidi treaty in 1614. 41Ibid.
38. 42Nongchupharam (ms.) 43 John Peter Wade, 1800/1927 ed. by Benudhar Sharma, An Account of Assam, Sibsagar, p. 297
39. 44P. Sensarma, The Military History of Bengal, Calcutta.
40. 45 Ibid 46Panerasa birasi saketa raja haila, RM, p.78;SRM, IV, I, p.6 47A small silver coin of the collection of the Indian Museum wrongly attributed to Vishnu Chittadeva of the Kadamba dynasty of Goa (Smiti, CCIM, J, p.314, pl.XXX.No.6) has now been correctly attributed to Govinda Manikya.
41. 48N.R. Roychoudhury,1983, Tripura Trough The Ages, pp. 28, 29 ft. 1 (quoting the original letter in Deb Barma Samarendra Chandra, 1927, Tripurar Smriti, pp. 209–10); S.C. Dutta, 1984, The North East and the Mughals, Calcutta, p.41
42. 49Ibid , p. 29:(According to traditions in Tripura, Govinda Manikya after losing throne to Nakshatra Roy, fled to Arakan where he met Shah Shuja whom he presented a precious sword and a diamond, and thus friendship was established. It must be in around 1660 that Shuja made way for Tripura
43. 50 Cheitharol Kumbaba, p. 45.
44. 51A. Hakim Shah, 2008, The Manipur Governance.
45. 52Janab Khan, 1972, Manipuri Muslim.
46. 53Roychoudhury,op. cit.,p.29
47. 54A. Hakim Shah, 2008, The Manipur Governance.
48. 55Names of Mughal ambassadors can be known from P. Gogoi, 1961, The Tai and Tai Kingdoms who gave Dur Beg and Rustam; Kheiruddin Khullakpam, 1997, Turko-Afghangi Chada Naoda, Lilong: Circles, gives the Boggy clan ancestor as Noor Bakhsh that must be Noor Beg.
49. 56Stanley Lane-Pool, 1971, Aurangzeb, vol.1. 57Suhas Chatterjee, 2008, The Socio-Economic History of South Assam. 58Niccolai Manucci, Storia do Mogor or History of Mughal India. 59S. Harvey, 1971, Burma; Suhas Chatterjee, 2008.
50. 60Manucci, op.cit. 61Cheitharol Kumbaba, 1989. 62Janab Khan, 1972, Manipuri Muslim. 63Manucci,op.cit 64Ibid
51. 65SRM, I, IV, p.6;TI. P.84. 66Singha,op. cit.,p.67
52. 67Ibid, p.65 68E. F. Sandays, History of Tripura, p.20 69Sharma,op.cit.,p.114 70R.M. P.81 71HMB,p.97.
53. 72Kailash Chandra Sinha informs that since Ratna Manikya and his brothers Duryadeva and Chandramani were minor, Balibhima Narayan, Champaka Ray and Gauricharan governed the kingdom dividing it into three parts. They became the rulers of these divisions. Nurnagar and its adjacent places were placed under Champak Ray, TI, and p.97.
54. 73SRM,1,IV,P.20;JASB,XIX,1850,P.553; EBDG, DACCA,V,1912,P.13 74HMB,P.166 75RM, P.83 76S.K. Bhuyan (ed0 Tripura Buranji, 1938, pp.XII-XVI. 77Sharma,op.cit.,p.118 78SRM, I, IV, p.23 79TDK,p.IX 80RM, p.84 81Singha, op.cit.,p.72
55. 82RM, p.86 83RM,p.86 84Sarkar, J. N. (ed) HB,II, p.426. 85Stewart, HB, p.485 86RM, p.861, HMB, p.166 87SRM,1, IV, p.29, HB,II,p.426, 88Kailash Chandra Sinha, , Tripura Itibritta, p.105; HB,II, p. 426 89Sharma, op.cit., p.123
56. 90SRM,I, IV, p.30;JASB;XIX, 1850, p.554;Hunter,SAB, VI, 1876, p.466 91SRM,1, IV, p.30;JASB,XIX1850,p.554. 92Sterart held that the province of Tripura which from time immemorial had been an independent kingdom became annexed to the Mughal empire. HB,p.485 93Singha, op.cit.,p.73 94Ibid p.74 95SHM,p.133 96Sinha, op. cit., p.109 97SRM,I, IV.p.34 98SRMB.I, IV, p.35 99Sinha, op. cit., p. 113
57. 100SRM, 1,IV, p.44;JASB,XIX, 1850,p.555 101This book is still unpublished. 102Sharma, op.cit.,p.133 103Sinha, op.cit.,p.119 104SRM,1,IV. P. 44 105Sharma,op.cit.,p.134 106Sinha, op. cit., p.119 107Sinha, op. cit, p.124
58. 108SRM, 1, IV, P.46; JASB, XIX, 1850, P.555; SAB, VI, 1876, P.467. 109Sinha, op. cit., p.124 110Amrit Kapur, former Commandant of Counter- Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School, Vairengte, Mizoram.
59. 111N.C. Datta, Land Reforms, in J. G. Choudhuri, Tripura: Land and its People, 1779, p110. 112Colved Prakash, 'Encyclopedia of North East India', Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, vol.V., p.2186
60. 113Gopal Krishan, The North East India:Land, Economy and People, Har Anand Publications in association with Vikash Publishing House PVT, New Delji,1991, pp.126-127. 114Sharma, S.K., Encyclopedia of North East India, Indian Publishers Distributors, Delhi, 1999,p.404

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