Scroll to Top

Volume : V, Issue : XI, December - 2015

TRIBAL LABOUR OUT MIGRATION: A CASE STUDY OF MALDA DISTICT, WEST BENGAL

Somen Das, None

By : Laxmi Book Publication

Abstract :

Among the various form of migration labour out migration is a significant process which is commonly noticed in the rural areas. In West Bengal labour out migration is mostly found in rural areas where widespread poverty and unemploy- ment exists. Tribal labour out migration in the tribal dominated regions which are commonly shrouded by underdevelopment is a relatively less explored area as per research is concern. Migration of tribes leads to different types of social changes when they get in touch with other social groups. In study area based on structured questionnaire field survey has been conducted to unearthing divergent aspect of tribal migration. Investiga- tion was commonly being carried out on the background of migration situation extent and different forms of results of movements in the selected study area. The study broadly suggests that unemploy- ment and lack of income is the key reason for such migration.

Keywords :


Article :


Cite This Article :

Somen Das, None(2015). TRIBAL LABOUR OUT MIGRATION: A CASE STUDY OF MALDA DISTICT, WEST BENGAL. Indian Streams Research Journal, Vol. V, Issue. XI, http://isrj.org/UploadedData/7432.pdf

References :

  1. Planning Commission, (2001): National Human Development Report 2001, Planning Commission, New Delhi
  2. Srivastava.R, Sasikumar S.K., (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues, Development, UK.
  3. URL:https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/regional_economy/upstate/winter05.pdf
  4. Rogaly,B.,Biswas.J., Coppard .D.,Rafique. A.,Rana. K., Sengupta.A.,(2001): Seasonal Migration, Social Change and Migration Rights : Lessons from West Bengal,Economic and Political Weekly,36(49),p.4547-4559
  5. Rafique .A., Massey.D .,and Rogaly . B.,(2006): Migration for Hard Work: A Reluctant Livelihood Strategy for Poor Households in West Bengal, India Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex Brighton.
  6. Rogaly,B.,Biswas.J., Coppard .D.,Rafique. A.,Rana. K., Sengupta.A.,(2001): Seasonal Migration, Social Change and Migration Rights : Lessons from West Bengal,Economic and Political Weekly,36(49),p.4547-4559
  7. Planning Commission, (2001): National Human Development Report 2001, Planning Commission, New Delhi
  8. Srivastava.R, Sasikumar S.K., (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues, Development, UK.
  9. URL:https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/regional_economy/upstate/winter05.pdf
  10. Kampchen .M .,(2006): Santals reach out to the World, India International Centre Quarterly, 32(4), p.100-109.
  11. Office of the Registrar General (2001): Census Data on West Bengal & Districts, e-version, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, Government of India, Kolkata
  12. Thaper,R.,(1977):Tribes,Caste and Religion in India,TheMacmilian Company Of India Limited,p.1-6
  13. Xaxa.V., (1999): Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse, Economic and Political Weekly,34(24),p.1519-1524.
  14. Development and Planning Department Government of West Bengal,(2007): District Human Development Report : Malda,West Bengal.
  15. Hamdani,K.,(2005):The Regional Economy:Population Out-Migration from upsate New York, Buffalo branch,Federal reserve bank of New York.
  16. Planning Commission, (2001): National Human Development Report 2001, Planning Commission, New Delhi
  17. Kampchen .M .,(2006): Santals reach out to the World, India International Centre Quarterly, 32(4), p.100-109.
  18. Office of the Registrar General (2001): Census Data on West Bengal & Districts, e-version, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, Government of India, Kolkata
  19. Thaper,R.,(1977):Tribes,Caste and Religion in India,TheMacmilian Company Of India Limited,p.1-6
  20. Xaxa.V., (1999): Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse, Economic and Political Weekly,34(24),p.1519-1524.
  21. Development and Planning Department Government of West Bengal,(2007): District Human Development Report : Malda,West Bengal.
  22. Hamdani,K.,(2005):The Regional Economy:Population Out-Migration from upsate New York, Buffalo branch,Federal reserve bank of New York.
  23. Rafique .A., Massey.D .,and Rogaly . B.,(2006): Migration for Hard Work: A Reluctant Livelihood Strategy for Poor Households in West Bengal, India Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex Brighton.
  24. Srivastava.R, Sasikumar S.K., (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues, Development, UK.
  25. URL:https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/regional_economy/upstate/winter05.pdf
  26. Kampchen .M .,(2006): Santals reach out to the World, India International Centre Quarterly, 32(4), p.100-109.
  27. Office of the Registrar General (2001): Census Data on West Bengal & Districts, e-version, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, Government of India, Kolkata
  28. Thaper,R.,(1977):Tribes,Caste and Religion in India,TheMacmilian Company Of India Limited,p.1-6
  29. Rafique .A., Massey.D .,and Rogaly . B.,(2006): Migration for Hard Work: A Reluctant Livelihood Strategy for Poor Households in West Bengal, India Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex Brighton.
  30. Rogaly,B.,Biswas.J., Coppard .D.,Rafique. A.,Rana. K., Sengupta.A.,(2001): Seasonal Migration, Social Change and Migration Rights : Lessons from West Bengal,Economic and Political Weekly,36(49),p.4547-4559
  31. Planning Commission, (2001): National Human Development Report 2001, Planning Commission, New Delhi
  32. Xaxa.V., (1999): Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse, Economic and Political Weekly,34(24),p.1519-1524.
  33. Development and Planning Department Government of West Bengal,(2007): District Human Development Report : Malda,West Bengal.
  34. Hamdani,K.,(2005):The Regional Economy:Population Out-Migration from upsate New York, Buffalo branch,Federal reserve bank of New York.
  35. Planning Commission, (2001): National Human Development Report 2001, Planning Commission, New Delhi
  36. Srivastava.R, Sasikumar S.K., (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues, Development, UK.
  37. URL:https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/regional_economy/upstate/winter05.pdf
  38. Thaper,R.,(1977):Tribes,Caste and Religion in India,TheMacmilian Company Of India Limited,p.1-6
  39. Xaxa.V., (1999): Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse, Economic and Political Weekly,34(24),p.1519-1524.
  40. Development and Planning Department Government of West Bengal,(2007): District Human Development Report : Malda,West Bengal.
  41. Hamdani,K.,(2005):The Regional Economy:Population Out-Migration from upsate New York, Buffalo branch,Federal reserve bank of New York.
  42. Planning Commission, (2001): National Human Development Report 2001, Planning Commission, New Delhi
  43. Srivastava.R, Sasikumar S.K., (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues, Development, UK.
  44. URL:https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/regional_economy/upstate/winter05.pdf
  45. Kampchen .M .,(2006): Santals reach out to the World, India International Centre Quarterly, 32(4), p.100-109.
  46. Office of the Registrar General (2001): Census Data on West Bengal & Districts, e-version, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, Government of India, Kolkata
  47. Thaper,R.,(1977):Tribes,Caste and Religion in India,TheMacmilian Company Of India Limited,p.1-6
  48. Xaxa.V., (1999): Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse, Economic and Political Weekly,34(24),p.1519-1524.
  49. Development and Planning Department Government of West Bengal,(2007): District Human Development Report : Malda,West Bengal.
  50. Hamdani,K.,(2005):The Regional Economy:Population Out-Migration from upsate New York, Buffalo branch,Federal reserve bank of New York.
  51. Kampchen .M .,(2006): Santals reach out to the World, India International Centre Quarterly, 32(4), p.100-109.
  52. Office of the Registrar General (2001): Census Data on West Bengal & Districts, e-version, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, Government of India, Kolkata
  53. Rafique .A., Massey.D .,and Rogaly . B.,(2006): Migration for Hard Work: A Reluctant Livelihood Strategy for Poor Households in West Bengal, India Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex Brighton.
  54. Rogaly,B.,Biswas.J., Coppard .D.,Rafique. A.,Rana. K., Sengupta.A.,(2001): Seasonal Migration, Social Change and Migration Rights : Lessons from West Bengal,Economic and Political Weekly,36(49),p.4547-4559
  55. Rafique .A., Massey.D .,and Rogaly . B.,(2006): Migration for Hard Work: A Reluctant Livelihood Strategy for Poor Households in West Bengal, India Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex Brighton.
  56. Rogaly,B.,Biswas.J., Coppard .D.,Rafique. A.,Rana. K., Sengupta.A.,(2001): Seasonal Migration, Social Change and Migration Rights : Lessons from West Bengal,Economic and Political Weekly,36(49),p.4547-4559
  57. Kampchen .M .,(2006): Santals reach out to the World, India International Centre Quarterly, 32(4), p.100-109.
  58. Office of the Registrar General (2001): Census Data on West Bengal & Districts, e-version, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, Government of India, Kolkata
  59. Thaper,R.,(1977):Tribes,Caste and Religion in India,TheMacmilian Company Of India Limited,p.1-6
  60. Xaxa.V., (1999): Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse, Economic and Political Weekly,34(24),p.1519-1524.
  61. Development and Planning Department Government of West Bengal,(2007): District Human Development Report : Malda,West Bengal.
  62. Hamdani,K.,(2005):The Regional Economy:Population Out-Migration from upsate New York, Buffalo branch,Federal reserve bank of New York.
  63. Rafique .A., Massey.D .,and Rogaly . B.,(2006): Migration for Hard Work: A Reluctant Livelihood Strategy for Poor Households in West Bengal, India Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex Brighton.
  64. Rogaly,B.,Biswas.J., Coppard .D.,Rafique. A.,Rana. K., Sengupta.A.,(2001): Seasonal Migration, Social Change and Migration Rights : Lessons from West Bengal,Economic and Political Weekly,36(49),p.4547-4559
  65. Planning Commission, (2001): National Human Development Report 2001, Planning Commission, New Delhi
  66. Srivastava.R, Sasikumar S.K., (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues, Development, UK.
  67. URL:https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/regional_economy/upstate/winter05.pdf
  68. Rafique .A., Massey.D .,and Rogaly . B.,(2006): Migration for Hard Work: A Reluctant Livelihood Strategy for Poor Households in West Bengal, India Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex Brighton.
  69. Rogaly,B.,Biswas.J., Coppard .D.,Rafique. A.,Rana. K., Sengupta.A.,(2001): Seasonal Migration, Social Change and Migration Rights : Lessons from West Bengal,Economic and Political Weekly,36(49),p.4547-4559
  70. Xaxa.V., (1999): Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse, Economic and Political Weekly,34(24),p.1519-1524.
  71. Development and Planning Department Government of West Bengal,(2007): District Human Development Report : Malda,West Bengal.
  72. URL:https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/regional_economy/upstate/winter05.pdf
  73. Kampchen .M .,(2006): Santals reach out to the World, India International Centre Quarterly, 32(4), p.100-109.
  74. Office of the Registrar General (2001): Census Data on West Bengal & Districts, e-version, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, Government of India, Kolkata
  75. Thaper,R.,(1977):Tribes,Caste and Religion in India,TheMacmilian Company Of India Limited,p.1-6
  76. Xaxa.V., (1999): Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse, Economic and Political Weekly,34(24),p.1519-1524.
  77. Development and Planning Department Government of West Bengal,(2007): District Human Development Report : Malda,West Bengal.
  78. Hamdani,K.,(2005):The Regional Economy:Population Out-Migration from upsate New York, Buffalo branch,Federal reserve bank of New York.
  79. Planning Commission, (2001): National Human Development Report 2001, Planning Commission, New Delhi
  80. Srivastava.R, Sasikumar S.K., (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues, Development, UK.
  81. Kampchen .M .,(2006): Santals reach out to the World, India International Centre Quarterly, 32(4), p.100-109.
  82. Office of the Registrar General (2001): Census Data on West Bengal & Districts, e-version, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, Government of India, Kolkata
  83. Thaper,R.,(1977):Tribes,Caste and Religion in India,TheMacmilian Company Of India Limited,p.1-6
  84. Hamdani,K.,(2005):The Regional Economy:Population Out-Migration from upsate New York, Buffalo branch,Federal reserve bank of New York.
  85. Kampchen .M .,(2006): Santals reach out to the World, India International Centre Quarterly, 32(4), p.100-109.
  86. Office of the Registrar General (2001): Census Data on West Bengal & Districts, e-version, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, Government of India, Kolkata
  87. Thaper,R.,(1977):Tribes,Caste and Religion in India,TheMacmilian Company Of India Limited,p.1-6
  88. Rafique .A., Massey.D .,and Rogaly . B.,(2006): Migration for Hard Work: A Reluctant Livelihood Strategy for Poor Households in West Bengal, India Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex Brighton.
  89. Rogaly,B.,Biswas.J., Coppard .D.,Rafique. A.,Rana. K., Sengupta.A.,(2001): Seasonal Migration, Social Change and Migration Rights : Lessons from West Bengal,Economic and Political Weekly,36(49),p.4547-4559
  90. Planning Commission, (2001): National Human Development Report 2001, Planning Commission, New Delhi
  91. Srivastava.R, Sasikumar S.K., (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues, Development, UK.
  92. URL:https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/regional_economy/upstate/winter05.pdf
  93. Kampchen .M .,(2006): Santals reach out to the World, India International Centre Quarterly, 32(4), p.100-109.
  94. Office of the Registrar General (2001): Census Data on West Bengal & Districts, e-version, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, Government of India, Kolkata
  95. Thaper,R.,(1977):Tribes,Caste and Religion in India,TheMacmilian Company Of India Limited,p.1-6
  96. Xaxa.V., (1999): Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse, Economic and Political Weekly,34(24),p.1519-1524.
  97. Development and Planning Department Government of West Bengal,(2007): District Human Development Report : Malda,West Bengal.
  98. URL:https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/regional_economy/upstate/winter05.pdf
  99. Hamdani,K.,(2005):The Regional Economy:Population Out-Migration from upsate New York, Buffalo branch,Federal reserve bank of New York.
  100. Rafique .A., Massey.D .,and Rogaly . B.,(2006): Migration for Hard Work: A Reluctant Livelihood Strategy for Poor Households in West Bengal, India Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex Brighton.
  101. Rogaly,B.,Biswas.J., Coppard .D.,Rafique. A.,Rana. K., Sengupta.A.,(2001): Seasonal Migration, Social Change and Migration Rights : Lessons from West Bengal,Economic and Political Weekly,36(49),p.4547-4559
  102. Xaxa.V., (1999): Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse, Economic and Political Weekly,34(24),p.1519-1524.
  103. Development and Planning Department Government of West Bengal,(2007): District Human Development Report : Malda,West Bengal.
  104. Hamdani,K.,(2005):The Regional Economy:Population Out-Migration from upsate New York, Buffalo branch,Federal reserve bank of New York.
  105. Planning Commission, (2001): National Human Development Report 2001, Planning Commission, New Delhi
  106. Srivastava.R, Sasikumar S.K., (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues, Development, UK.
  107. Kampchen .M .,(2006): Santals reach out to the World, India International Centre Quarterly, 32(4), p.100-109.
  108. Office of the Registrar General (2001): Census Data on West Bengal & Districts, e-version, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, Government of India, Kolkata
  109. Thaper,R.,(1977):Tribes,Caste and Religion in India,TheMacmilian Company Of India Limited,p.1-6
  110. Xaxa.V., (1999): Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse, Economic and Political Weekly,34(24),p.1519-1524.
  111. Development and Planning Department Government of West Bengal,(2007): District Human Development Report : Malda,West Bengal.
  112. Hamdani,K.,(2005):The Regional Economy:Population Out-Migration from upsate New York, Buffalo branch,Federal reserve bank of New York.
  113. Planning Commission, (2001): National Human Development Report 2001, Planning Commission, New Delhi
  114. Srivastava.R, Sasikumar S.K., (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues, Development, UK.
  115. Kampchen .M .,(2006): Santals reach out to the World, India International Centre Quarterly, 32(4), p.100-109.
  116. Office of the Registrar General (2001): Census Data on West Bengal & Districts, e-version, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, Government of India, Kolkata
  117. Thaper,R.,(1977):Tribes,Caste and Religion in India,TheMacmilian Company Of India Limited,p.1-6
  118. Hamdani,K.,(2005):The Regional Economy:Population Out-Migration from upsate New York, Buffalo branch,Federal reserve bank of New York.
  119. Rafique .A., Massey.D .,and Rogaly . B.,(2006): Migration for Hard Work: A Reluctant Livelihood Strategy for Poor Households in West Bengal, India Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex Brighton.
  120. Rogaly,B.,Biswas.J., Coppard .D.,Rafique. A.,Rana. K., Sengupta.A.,(2001): Seasonal Migration, Social Change and Migration Rights : Lessons from West Bengal,Economic and Political Weekly,36(49),p.4547-4559
  121. URL:https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/regional_economy/upstate/winter05.pdf
  122. Xaxa.V., (1999): Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse, Economic and Political Weekly,34(24),p.1519-1524.
  123. Development and Planning Department Government of West Bengal,(2007): District Human Development Report : Malda,West Bengal.
  124. Planning Commission, (2001): National Human Development Report 2001, Planning Commission, New Delhi
  125. Srivastava.R, Sasikumar S.K., (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues, Development, UK.
  126. URL:https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/regional_economy/upstate/winter05.pdf
  127. Kampchen .M .,(2006): Santals reach out to the World, India International Centre Quarterly, 32(4), p.100-109.
  128. Office of the Registrar General (2001): Census Data on West Bengal & Districts, e-version, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, Government of India, Kolkata
  129. Kampchen .M .,(2006): Santals reach out to the World, India International Centre Quarterly, 32(4), p.100-109.
  130. Planning Commission, (2001): National Human Development Report 2001, Planning Commission, New Delhi
  131. URL:https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/regional_economy/upstate/winter05.pdf
  132. Srivastava.R, Sasikumar S.K., (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues, Development, UK.
  133. Planning Commission, (2001): National Human Development Report 2001, Planning Commission, New Delhi
  134. Srivastava.R, Sasikumar S.K., (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues, Development, UK.
  135. URL:https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/regional_economy/upstate/winter05.pdf
  136. Thaper,R.,(1977):Tribes,Caste and Religion in India,TheMacmilian Company Of India Limited,p.1-6
  137. Xaxa.V., (1999): Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse, Economic and Political Weekly,34(24),p.1519-1524.
  138. Development and Planning Department Government of West Bengal,(2007): District Human Development Report : Malda,West Bengal.
  139. Hamdani,K.,(2005):The Regional Economy:Population Out-Migration from upsate New York, Buffalo branch,Federal reserve bank of New York.
  140. Rafique .A., Massey.D .,and Rogaly . B.,(2006): Migration for Hard Work: A Reluctant Livelihood Strategy for Poor Households in West Bengal, India Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex Brighton.
  141. Rogaly,B.,Biswas.J., Coppard .D.,Rafique. A.,Rana. K., Sengupta.A.,(2001): Seasonal Migration, Social Change and Migration Rights : Lessons from West Bengal,Economic and Political Weekly,36(49),p.4547-4559
  142. Rafique .A., Massey.D .,and Rogaly . B.,(2006): Migration for Hard Work: A Reluctant Livelihood Strategy for Poor Households in West Bengal, India Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex Brighton.
  143. Rogaly,B.,Biswas.J., Coppard .D.,Rafique. A.,Rana. K., Sengupta.A.,(2001): Seasonal Migration, Social Change and Migration Rights : Lessons from West Bengal,Economic and Political Weekly,36(49),p.4547-4559
  144. Planning Commission, (2001): National Human Development Report 2001, Planning Commission, New Delhi
  145. Srivastava.R, Sasikumar S.K., (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues, Development, UK.
  146. URL:https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/regional_economy/upstate/winter05.pdf
  147. Kampchen .M .,(2006): Santals reach out to the World, India International Centre Quarterly, 32(4), p.100-109.
  148. Office of the Registrar General (2001): Census Data on West Bengal & Districts, e-version, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, Government of India, Kolkata
  149. Thaper,R.,(1977):Tribes,Caste and Religion in India,TheMacmilian Company Of India Limited,p.1-6
  150. Xaxa.V., (1999): Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse, Economic and Political Weekly,34(24),p.1519-1524.
  151. Development and Planning Department Government of West Bengal,(2007): District Human Development Report : Malda,West Bengal.
  152. Hamdani,K.,(2005):The Regional Economy:Population Out-Migration from upsate New York, Buffalo branch,Federal reserve bank of New York.
  153. Rafique .A., Massey.D .,and Rogaly . B.,(2006): Migration for Hard Work: A Reluctant Livelihood Strategy for Poor Households in West Bengal, India Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex Brighton.
  154. Rogaly,B.,Biswas.J., Coppard .D.,Rafique. A.,Rana. K., Sengupta.A.,(2001): Seasonal Migration, Social Change and Migration Rights : Lessons from West Bengal,Economic and Political Weekly,36(49),p.4547-4559
  155. Planning Commission, (2001): National Human Development Report 2001, Planning Commission, New Delhi
  156. Srivastava.R, Sasikumar S.K., (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues, Development, UK.
  157. URL:https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/regional_economy/upstate/winter05.pdf
  158. Kampchen .M .,(2006): Santals reach out to the World, India International Centre Quarterly, 32(4), p.100-109.
  159. Office of the Registrar General (2001): Census Data on West Bengal & Districts, e-version, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, Government of India, Kolkata
  160. Thaper,R.,(1977):Tribes,Caste and Religion in India,TheMacmilian Company Of India Limited,p.1-6
  161. Xaxa.V., (1999): Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse, Economic and Political Weekly,34(24),p.1519-1524.
  162. Development and Planning Department Government of West Bengal,(2007): District Human Development Report : Malda,West Bengal.
  163. Hamdani,K.,(2005):The Regional Economy:Population Out-Migration from upsate New York, Buffalo branch,Federal reserve bank of New York.
  164. Thaper,R.,(1977):Tribes,Caste and Religion in India,TheMacmilian Company Of India Limited,p.1-6
  165. Xaxa.V., (1999): Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse, Economic and Political Weekly,34(24),p.1519-1524.
  166. Development and Planning Department Government of West Bengal,(2007): District Human Development Report : Malda,West Bengal.
  167. Rafique .A., Massey.D .,and Rogaly . B.,(2006): Migration for Hard Work: A Reluctant Livelihood Strategy for Poor Households in West Bengal, India Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex Brighton.
  168. Rogaly,B.,Biswas.J., Coppard .D.,Rafique. A.,Rana. K., Sengupta.A.,(2001): Seasonal Migration, Social Change and Migration Rights : Lessons from West Bengal,Economic and Political Weekly,36(49),p.4547-4559
  169. Srivastava.R, Sasikumar S.K., (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues, Development, UK.
  170. URL:https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/regional_economy/upstate/winter05.pdf
  171. Kampchen .M .,(2006): Santals reach out to the World, India International Centre Quarterly, 32(4), p.100-109.
  172. Office of the Registrar General (2001): Census Data on West Bengal & Districts, e-version, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, Government of India, Kolkata
  173. Hamdani,K.,(2005):The Regional Economy:Population Out-Migration from upsate New York, Buffalo branch,Federal reserve bank of New York.
  174. Rafique .A., Massey.D .,and Rogaly . B.,(2006): Migration for Hard Work: A Reluctant Livelihood Strategy for Poor Households in West Bengal, India Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex Brighton.
  175. Rogaly,B.,Biswas.J., Coppard .D.,Rafique. A.,Rana. K., Sengupta.A.,(2001): Seasonal Migration, Social Change and Migration Rights : Lessons from West Bengal,Economic and Political Weekly,36(49),p.4547-4559
  176. Planning Commission, (2001): National Human Development Report 2001, Planning Commission, New Delhi
  177. Planning Commission, (2001): National Human Development Report 2001, Planning Commission, New Delhi
  178. Srivastava.R, Sasikumar S.K., (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues, Development, UK.
  179. URL:https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/regional_economy/upstate/winter05.pdf
  180. Rafique .A., Massey.D .,and Rogaly . B.,(2006): Migration for Hard Work: A Reluctant Livelihood Strategy for Poor Households in West Bengal, India Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex Brighton.
  181. Rogaly,B.,Biswas.J., Coppard .D.,Rafique. A.,Rana. K., Sengupta.A.,(2001): Seasonal Migration, Social Change and Migration Rights : Lessons from West Bengal,Economic and Political Weekly,36(49),p.4547-4559
  182. Srivastava.R, Sasikumar S.K., (2003): An overview of migration in India, its impacts and key issues, Development, UK.
  183. URL:https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/regional_economy/upstate/winter05.pdf
  184. Kampchen .M .,(2006): Santals reach out to the World, India International Centre Quarterly, 32(4), p.100-109.
  185. Office of the Registrar General (2001): Census Data on West Bengal & Districts, e-version, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, Government of India, Kolkata
  186. Thaper,R.,(1977):Tribes,Caste and Religion in India,TheMacmilian Company Of India Limited,p.1-6
  187. Xaxa.V., (1999): Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse, Economic and Political Weekly,34(24),p.1519-1524.
  188. Development and Planning Department Government of West Bengal,(2007): District Human Development Report : Malda,West Bengal.
  189. Hamdani,K.,(2005):The Regional Economy:Population Out-Migration from upsate New York, Buffalo branch,Federal reserve bank of New York.
  190. Rafique .A., Massey.D .,and Rogaly . B.,(2006): Migration for Hard Work: A Reluctant Livelihood Strategy for Poor Households in West Bengal, India Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex Brighton.
  191. Rogaly,B.,Biswas.J., Coppard .D.,Rafique. A.,Rana. K., Sengupta.A.,(2001): Seasonal Migration, Social Change and Migration Rights : Lessons from West Bengal,Economic and Political Weekly,36(49),p.4547-4559
  192. Office of the Registrar General (2001): Census Data on West Bengal & Districts, e-version, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, Government of India, Kolkata
  193. Thaper,R.,(1977):Tribes,Caste and Religion in India,TheMacmilian Company Of India Limited,p.1-6
  194. Xaxa.V., (1999): Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse, Economic and Political Weekly,34(24),p.1519-1524.
  195. Development and Planning Department Government of West Bengal,(2007): District Human Development Report : Malda,West Bengal.
  196. Hamdani,K.,(2005):The Regional Economy:Population Out-Migration from upsate New York, Buffalo branch,Federal reserve bank of New York.
  197. Rafique .A., Massey.D .,and Rogaly . B.,(2006): Migration for Hard Work: A Reluctant Livelihood Strategy for Poor Households in West Bengal, India Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex Brighton.
  198. Rogaly,B.,Biswas.J., Coppard .D.,Rafique. A.,Rana. K., Sengupta.A.,(2001): Seasonal Migration, Social Change and Migration Rights : Lessons from West Bengal,Economic and Political Weekly,36(49),p.4547-4559

Article Post Production

    No data exists for the row/column.
Creative Commons License
Indian Streams Research Journal by Laxmi Book Publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://oldisrj.lbp.world/Default.aspx.
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at http://oldisrj.lbp.world/Default.aspx
Copyright � 2014 Indian Streams Research Journal. All rights reserved
Looking for information? Browse our FAQs, tour our sitemap, or contact ISRJ
Read our Privacy Policy Statement and Plagairism Policy. Use of this site signifies your agreement to the Terms of Use