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Volume : V, Issue : V, June - 2015

EFFECT OF SIC/CARBON REINFORCED PARTICULATE ON CARBON COMPOSITES

L. M. Manocha, Parul Sheth and Chetan Sheth

By : Laxmi Book Publication

Abstract :

Carbon-ceramic particulate composites contain the phenolic resin as a matrix precursor and SiC, graphite powder, carbon black, fly ash, coke etc. as reinforceing materials. Composite samples were prepared to evaluate the effect on various properties of the samples heat treated at 1000oC. Powder metallurgical method was used for processing of the various composites/samples. Changes in physical properties of the composites like weight loss, volume shrinkage, density, % porosity etc. and many other properties were measured and monitored. Optical microscopy was used to study the distribution of SiC and graphite powder in the carbon matrix and to observe other parameters. It shows that the reinforcing particles are well distributed in the carbon matrix and also exhibited good bonding between the matrix and reinforcing particles. SEM images confirmed dense nature of carbon-ceramic composites.

Keywords :


Article :


Cite This Article :

L. M. Manocha, Parul Sheth and Chetan Sheth(2015). EFFECT OF SIC/CARBON REINFORCED PARTICULATE ON CARBON COMPOSITES. Indian Streams Research Journal, Vol. V, Issue. V, http://isrj.org/UploadedData/6717.pdf

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  86. S. Sulaiman, R. Yunus, N. A. Ibrahim, F. Rezaei “Effect Of Hardener On Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites”, Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1,pp.79 – 86,2008.
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  89. Prevorsek DC, Li HL, “Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material”, US patent 5556704, 1996.
  90. J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, “Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 27,Issue1,pp. 39-42,2007.
  91. Prevorsek DC, Li HL, “Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material”, US patent 5556704, 1996.
  92. J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, “Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 27,Issue1,pp. 39-42,2007.
  93. Prevorsek DC, Li HL, “Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material”, US patent 5556704, 1996.
  94. J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, “Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 27,Issue1,pp. 39-42,2007.
  95. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  96. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  97. Fitzer E., Manocha L.M., “Carbon and carbon reinforcements”, Chapter 3, IR@INFLIBNET, pp. 112-113, 1999.
  98. Subcommittee Do2. Fo of Active Standard ASTM (838), “Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Shapes”, ASTM, Vol.5,Issue 5, pp. 838- 896, 2010.
  99. S. Sulaiman, R. Yunus, N. A. Ibrahim, F. Rezaei “Effect Of Hardener On Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites”, Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1,pp.79 – 86,2008.
  100. Laza, J. M., Vilas, J. L., Garay, M. T., Rodri´Guez, M. and Leo´, N. L. M., “Dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy-phenolic mixtures”, Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics,Vol.43, pp. 1548–1555,2005.
  101. M. Sarikanat , K. Sever , E. Erbay , F. Güner , I. Tavman , A. Turgut , Y. Seki , I. Özdemir, “Preparation and mechanical properties of graphite filled HDPE nanocomposites”, Archies of Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 50,Issue 2, pp. 120-124,2011.
  102. Fitzer E., Manocha L.M., “Carbon and carbon reinforcements”, Chapter 3, IR@INFLIBNET, pp. 112-113, 1999.
  103. Subcommittee Do2. Fo of Active Standard ASTM (838), “Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Shapes”, ASTM, Vol.5,Issue 5, pp. 838- 896, 2010.
  104. S. Sulaiman, R. Yunus, N. A. Ibrahim, F. Rezaei “Effect Of Hardener On Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites”, Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1,pp.79 – 86,2008.
  105. Laza, J. M., Vilas, J. L., Garay, M. T., Rodri´Guez, M. and Leo´, N. L. M., “Dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy-phenolic mixtures”, Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics,Vol.43, pp. 1548–1555,2005.
  106. M. Sarikanat , K. Sever , E. Erbay , F. Güner , I. Tavman , A. Turgut , Y. Seki , I. Özdemir, “Preparation and mechanical properties of graphite filled HDPE nanocomposites”, Archies of Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 50,Issue 2, pp. 120-124,2011.
  107. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  108. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  109. Prevorsek DC, Li HL, “Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material”, US patent 5556704, 1996.
  110. J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, “Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 27,Issue1,pp. 39-42,2007.
  111. Fitzer E., Manocha L.M., “Carbon and carbon reinforcements”, Chapter 3, IR@INFLIBNET, pp. 112-113, 1999.
  112. Subcommittee Do2. Fo of Active Standard ASTM (838), “Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Shapes”, ASTM, Vol.5,Issue 5, pp. 838- 896, 2010.
  113. S. Sulaiman, R. Yunus, N. A. Ibrahim, F. Rezaei “Effect Of Hardener On Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites”, Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1,pp.79 – 86,2008.
  114. Laza, J. M., Vilas, J. L., Garay, M. T., Rodri´Guez, M. and Leo´, N. L. M., “Dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy-phenolic mixtures”, Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics,Vol.43, pp. 1548–1555,2005.
  115. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  116. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  117. S. Sulaiman, R. Yunus, N. A. Ibrahim, F. Rezaei “Effect Of Hardener On Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites”, Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1,pp.79 – 86,2008.
  118. Laza, J. M., Vilas, J. L., Garay, M. T., Rodri´Guez, M. and Leo´, N. L. M., “Dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy-phenolic mixtures”, Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics,Vol.43, pp. 1548–1555,2005.
  119. M. Sarikanat , K. Sever , E. Erbay , F. Güner , I. Tavman , A. Turgut , Y. Seki , I. Özdemir, “Preparation and mechanical properties of graphite filled HDPE nanocomposites”, Archies of Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 50,Issue 2, pp. 120-124,2011.
  120. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  121. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  122. Prevorsek DC, Li HL, “Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material”, US patent 5556704, 1996.
  123. J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, “Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 27,Issue1,pp. 39-42,2007.
  124. Fitzer E., Manocha L.M., “Carbon and carbon reinforcements”, Chapter 3, IR@INFLIBNET, pp. 112-113, 1999.
  125. Subcommittee Do2. Fo of Active Standard ASTM (838), “Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Shapes”, ASTM, Vol.5,Issue 5, pp. 838- 896, 2010.
  126. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  127. Fitzer E., Manocha L.M., “Carbon and carbon reinforcements”, Chapter 3, IR@INFLIBNET, pp. 112-113, 1999.
  128. Subcommittee Do2. Fo of Active Standard ASTM (838), “Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Shapes”, ASTM, Vol.5,Issue 5, pp. 838- 896, 2010.
  129. S. Sulaiman, R. Yunus, N. A. Ibrahim, F. Rezaei “Effect Of Hardener On Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites”, Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1,pp.79 – 86,2008.
  130. Laza, J. M., Vilas, J. L., Garay, M. T., Rodri´Guez, M. and Leo´, N. L. M., “Dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy-phenolic mixtures”, Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics,Vol.43, pp. 1548–1555,2005.
  131. M. Sarikanat , K. Sever , E. Erbay , F. Güner , I. Tavman , A. Turgut , Y. Seki , I. Özdemir, “Preparation and mechanical properties of graphite filled HDPE nanocomposites”, Archies of Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 50,Issue 2, pp. 120-124,2011.
  132. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  133. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  134. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  135. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  136. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  137. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  138. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  139. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  140. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  141. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  142. Prevorsek DC, Li HL, “Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material”, US patent 5556704, 1996.
  143. J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, “Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 27,Issue1,pp. 39-42,2007.
  144. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  145. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  146. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  147. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  148. Prevorsek DC, Li HL, “Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material”, US patent 5556704, 1996.
  149. J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, “Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 27,Issue1,pp. 39-42,2007.
  150. Fitzer E., Manocha L.M., “Carbon and carbon reinforcements”, Chapter 3, IR@INFLIBNET, pp. 112-113, 1999.
  151. Subcommittee Do2. Fo of Active Standard ASTM (838), “Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Shapes”, ASTM, Vol.5,Issue 5, pp. 838- 896, 2010.
  152. S. Sulaiman, R. Yunus, N. A. Ibrahim, F. Rezaei “Effect Of Hardener On Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites”, Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1,pp.79 – 86,2008.
  153. Laza, J. M., Vilas, J. L., Garay, M. T., Rodri´Guez, M. and Leo´, N. L. M., “Dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy-phenolic mixtures”, Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics,Vol.43, pp. 1548–1555,2005.
  154. M. Sarikanat , K. Sever , E. Erbay , F. Güner , I. Tavman , A. Turgut , Y. Seki , I. Özdemir, “Preparation and mechanical properties of graphite filled HDPE nanocomposites”, Archies of Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 50,Issue 2, pp. 120-124,2011.
  155. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  156. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  157. Prevorsek DC, Li HL, “Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material”, US patent 5556704, 1996.
  158. J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, “Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 27,Issue1,pp. 39-42,2007.
  159. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  160. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  161. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  162. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  163. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  164. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  165. Fitzer E., Manocha L.M., “Carbon and carbon reinforcements”, Chapter 3, IR@INFLIBNET, pp. 112-113, 1999.
  166. Subcommittee Do2. Fo of Active Standard ASTM (838), “Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Shapes”, ASTM, Vol.5,Issue 5, pp. 838- 896, 2010.
  167. S. Sulaiman, R. Yunus, N. A. Ibrahim, F. Rezaei “Effect Of Hardener On Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites”, Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1,pp.79 – 86,2008.
  168. Laza, J. M., Vilas, J. L., Garay, M. T., Rodri´Guez, M. and Leo´, N. L. M., “Dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy-phenolic mixtures”, Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics,Vol.43, pp. 1548–1555,2005.
  169. M. Sarikanat , K. Sever , E. Erbay , F. Güner , I. Tavman , A. Turgut , Y. Seki , I. Özdemir, “Preparation and mechanical properties of graphite filled HDPE nanocomposites”, Archies of Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 50,Issue 2, pp. 120-124,2011.
  170. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  171. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  172. Prevorsek DC, Li HL, “Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material”, US patent 5556704, 1996.
  173. J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, “Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 27,Issue1,pp. 39-42,2007.
  174. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  175. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  176. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  177. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  178. Prevorsek DC, Li HL, “Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material”, US patent 5556704, 1996.
  179. J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, “Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 27,Issue1,pp. 39-42,2007.
  180. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  181. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  182. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  183. Prevorsek DC, Li HL, “Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material”, US patent 5556704, 1996.
  184. J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, “Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 27,Issue1,pp. 39-42,2007.
  185. Fitzer E., Manocha L.M., “Carbon and carbon reinforcements”, Chapter 3, IR@INFLIBNET, pp. 112-113, 1999.
  186. Prevorsek DC, Li HL, “Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material”, US patent 5556704, 1996.
  187. J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, “Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 27,Issue1,pp. 39-42,2007.
  188. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  189. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  190. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  191. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  192. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  193. Fitzer E., Manocha L.M., “Carbon and carbon reinforcements”, Chapter 3, IR@INFLIBNET, pp. 112-113, 1999.
  194. Subcommittee Do2. Fo of Active Standard ASTM (838), “Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Shapes”, ASTM, Vol.5,Issue 5, pp. 838- 896, 2010.
  195. S. Sulaiman, R. Yunus, N. A. Ibrahim, F. Rezaei “Effect Of Hardener On Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites”, Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1,pp.79 – 86,2008.
  196. Laza, J. M., Vilas, J. L., Garay, M. T., Rodri´Guez, M. and Leo´, N. L. M., “Dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy-phenolic mixtures”, Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics,Vol.43, pp. 1548–1555,2005.
  197. Subcommittee Do2. Fo of Active Standard ASTM (838), “Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Shapes”, ASTM, Vol.5,Issue 5, pp. 838- 896, 2010.
  198. S. Sulaiman, R. Yunus, N. A. Ibrahim, F. Rezaei “Effect Of Hardener On Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites”, Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1,pp.79 – 86,2008.
  199. Laza, J. M., Vilas, J. L., Garay, M. T., Rodri´Guez, M. and Leo´, N. L. M., “Dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy-phenolic mixtures”, Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics,Vol.43, pp. 1548–1555,2005.
  200. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  201. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  202. M. Sarikanat , K. Sever , E. Erbay , F. Güner , I. Tavman , A. Turgut , Y. Seki , I. Özdemir, “Preparation and mechanical properties of graphite filled HDPE nanocomposites”, Archies of Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 50,Issue 2, pp. 120-124,2011.
  203. M. Sarikanat , K. Sever , E. Erbay , F. Güner , I. Tavman , A. Turgut , Y. Seki , I. Özdemir, “Preparation and mechanical properties of graphite filled HDPE nanocomposites”, Archies of Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 50,Issue 2, pp. 120-124,2011.
  204. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  205. Fitzer E., Manocha L.M., “Carbon and carbon reinforcements”, Chapter 3, IR@INFLIBNET, pp. 112-113, 1999.
  206. Subcommittee Do2. Fo of Active Standard ASTM (838), “Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Shapes”, ASTM, Vol.5,Issue 5, pp. 838- 896, 2010.
  207. S. Sulaiman, R. Yunus, N. A. Ibrahim, F. Rezaei “Effect Of Hardener On Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites”, Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1,pp.79 – 86,2008.
  208. Laza, J. M., Vilas, J. L., Garay, M. T., Rodri´Guez, M. and Leo´, N. L. M., “Dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy-phenolic mixtures”, Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics,Vol.43, pp. 1548–1555,2005.
  209. M. Sarikanat , K. Sever , E. Erbay , F. Güner , I. Tavman , A. Turgut , Y. Seki , I. Özdemir, “Preparation and mechanical properties of graphite filled HDPE nanocomposites”, Archies of Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 50,Issue 2, pp. 120-124,2011.
  210. Prevorsek DC, Li HL, “Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material”, US patent 5556704, 1996.
  211. J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, “Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 27,Issue1,pp. 39-42,2007.
  212. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  213. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  214. Fitzer E., Manocha L.M., “Carbon and carbon reinforcements”, Chapter 3, IR@INFLIBNET, pp. 112-113, 1999.
  215. Subcommittee Do2. Fo of Active Standard ASTM (838), “Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Shapes”, ASTM, Vol.5,Issue 5, pp. 838- 896, 2010.
  216. S. Sulaiman, R. Yunus, N. A. Ibrahim, F. Rezaei “Effect Of Hardener On Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites”, Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1,pp.79 – 86,2008.
  217. Laza, J. M., Vilas, J. L., Garay, M. T., Rodri´Guez, M. and Leo´, N. L. M., “Dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy-phenolic mixtures”, Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics,Vol.43, pp. 1548–1555,2005.
  218. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  219. Prevorsek DC, Li HL, “Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material”, US patent 5556704, 1996.
  220. J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, “Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 27,Issue1,pp. 39-42,2007.
  221. Prevorsek DC, Li HL, “Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material”, US patent 5556704, 1996.
  222. J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, “Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 27,Issue1,pp. 39-42,2007.
  223. M. Sarikanat , K. Sever , E. Erbay , F. Güner , I. Tavman , A. Turgut , Y. Seki , I. Özdemir, “Preparation and mechanical properties of graphite filled HDPE nanocomposites”, Archies of Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 50,Issue 2, pp. 120-124,2011.
  224. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  225. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  226. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  227. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  228. Fitzer E., Manocha L.M., “Carbon and carbon reinforcements”, Chapter 3, IR@INFLIBNET, pp. 112-113, 1999.
  229. Subcommittee Do2. Fo of Active Standard ASTM (838), “Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Shapes”, ASTM, Vol.5,Issue 5, pp. 838- 896, 2010.
  230. S. Sulaiman, R. Yunus, N. A. Ibrahim, F. Rezaei “Effect Of Hardener On Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites”, Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1,pp.79 – 86,2008.
  231. Laza, J. M., Vilas, J. L., Garay, M. T., Rodri´Guez, M. and Leo´, N. L. M., “Dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy-phenolic mixtures”, Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics,Vol.43, pp. 1548–1555,2005.
  232. M. Sarikanat , K. Sever , E. Erbay , F. Güner , I. Tavman , A. Turgut , Y. Seki , I. Özdemir, “Preparation and mechanical properties of graphite filled HDPE nanocomposites”, Archies of Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 50,Issue 2, pp. 120-124,2011.
  233. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  234. Lewis IC, “Chemistry of carbonization”, Carbon; Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp.519–529, 1982.
  235. Prevorsek DC, Li HL, “Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material”, US patent 5556704, 1996.
  236. J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, “Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 27,Issue1,pp. 39-42,2007.
  237. Subcommittee Do2. Fo of Active Standard ASTM (838), “Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Shapes”, ASTM, Vol.5,Issue 5, pp. 838- 896, 2010.
  238. S. Sulaiman, R. Yunus, N. A. Ibrahim, F. Rezaei “Effect Of Hardener On Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites”, Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1,pp.79 – 86,2008.
  239. Laza, J. M., Vilas, J. L., Garay, M. T., Rodri´Guez, M. and Leo´, N. L. M., “Dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy-phenolic mixtures”, Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics,Vol.43, pp. 1548–1555,2005.
  240. M. Sarikanat , K. Sever , E. Erbay , F. Güner , I. Tavman , A. Turgut , Y. Seki , I. Özdemir, “Preparation and mechanical properties of graphite filled HDPE nanocomposites”, Archies of Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 50,Issue 2, pp. 120-124,2011.
  241. Fitzer E., Manocha L.M., “Carbon and carbon reinforcements”, Chapter 3, IR@INFLIBNET, pp. 112-113, 1999.
  242. Subcommittee Do2. Fo of Active Standard ASTM (838), “Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Shapes”, ASTM, Vol.5,Issue 5, pp. 838- 896, 2010.
  243. S. Sulaiman, R. Yunus, N. A. Ibrahim, F. Rezaei “Effect Of Hardener On Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites”, Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1,pp.79 – 86,2008.
  244. Laza, J. M., Vilas, J. L., Garay, M. T., Rodri´Guez, M. and Leo´, N. L. M., “Dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy-phenolic mixtures”, Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics,Vol.43, pp. 1548–1555,2005.
  245. M. Sarikanat , K. Sever , E. Erbay , F. Güner , I. Tavman , A. Turgut , Y. Seki , I. Özdemir, “Preparation and mechanical properties of graphite filled HDPE nanocomposites”, Archies of Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 50,Issue 2, pp. 120-124,2011.
  246. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  247. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  248. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  249. Fitzer E., Manocha L.M., “Carbon and carbon reinforcements”, Chapter 3, IR@INFLIBNET, pp. 112-113, 1999.
  250. Prevorsek DC, Li HL, “Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material”, US patent 5556704, 1996.
  251. J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, “Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 27,Issue1,pp. 39-42,2007.
  252. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  253. Fitzer E., Manocha L.M., “Carbon and carbon reinforcements”, Chapter 3, IR@INFLIBNET, pp. 112-113, 1999.
  254. Subcommittee Do2. Fo of Active Standard ASTM (838), “Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Shapes”, ASTM, Vol.5,Issue 5, pp. 838- 896, 2010.
  255. S. Sulaiman, R. Yunus, N. A. Ibrahim, F. Rezaei “Effect Of Hardener On Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites”, Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1,pp.79 – 86,2008.
  256. Laza, J. M., Vilas, J. L., Garay, M. T., Rodri´Guez, M. and Leo´, N. L. M., “Dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy-phenolic mixtures”, Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics,Vol.43, pp. 1548–1555,2005.
  257. M. Sarikanat , K. Sever , E. Erbay , F. Güner , I. Tavman , A. Turgut , Y. Seki , I. Özdemir, “Preparation and mechanical properties of graphite filled HDPE nanocomposites”, Archies of Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 50,Issue 2, pp. 120-124,2011.
  258. Fitzer E., Manocha L.M., “Carbon and carbon reinforcements”, Chapter 3, IR@INFLIBNET, pp. 112-113, 1999.
  259. Subcommittee Do2. Fo of Active Standard ASTM (838), “Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Shapes”, ASTM, Vol.5,Issue 5, pp. 838- 896, 2010.
  260. S. Sulaiman, R. Yunus, N. A. Ibrahim, F. Rezaei “Effect Of Hardener On Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites”, Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1,pp.79 – 86,2008.
  261. Laza, J. M., Vilas, J. L., Garay, M. T., Rodri´Guez, M. and Leo´, N. L. M., “Dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy-phenolic mixtures”, Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics,Vol.43, pp. 1548–1555,2005.
  262. Fitzer E., Manocha L.M., “Carbon and carbon reinforcements”, Chapter 3, IR@INFLIBNET, pp. 112-113, 1999.
  263. Subcommittee Do2. Fo of Active Standard ASTM (838), “Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Shapes”, ASTM, Vol.5,Issue 5, pp. 838- 896, 2010.
  264. S. Sulaiman, R. Yunus, N. A. Ibrahim, F. Rezaei “Effect Of Hardener On Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites”, Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1,pp.79 – 86,2008.
  265. Laza, J. M., Vilas, J. L., Garay, M. T., Rodri´Guez, M. and Leo´, N. L. M., “Dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy-phenolic mixtures”, Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics,Vol.43, pp. 1548–1555,2005.
  266. M. Sarikanat , K. Sever , E. Erbay , F. Güner , I. Tavman , A. Turgut , Y. Seki , I. Özdemir, “Preparation and mechanical properties of graphite filled HDPE nanocomposites”, Archies of Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 50,Issue 2, pp. 120-124,2011.
  267. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
  268. T. William Lambe & Robert V. Whitman, “Chapter 3: Description of an Assemblage of Particles". Soil Mechanics (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 553, ISBN 0-471-51192-7, 1969.
  269. Prevorsek DC, Li HL, “Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material”, US patent 5556704, 1996.
  270. J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, “Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 27,Issue1,pp. 39-42,2007.
  271. M. Sarikanat , K. Sever , E. Erbay , F. Güner , I. Tavman , A. Turgut , Y. Seki , I. Özdemir, “Preparation and mechanical properties of graphite filled HDPE nanocomposites”, Archies of Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 50,Issue 2, pp. 120-124,2011.
  272. Prevorsek DC, Li HL, “Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material”, US patent 5556704, 1996.
  273. J. Stabik, A. Dybowska, “Electrical and tribological properties of gradient epoxy-graphite composites”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 27,Issue1,pp. 39-42,2007.
  274. Robert M. Jones, “Mechanics Of Composite Materials”, Materials Science & Engineering Series, Hardcover ISBN-13: 978-1560327127, July 1, 1998.
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