Indian Streams Research Journal

Volume : V, Issue : IV, May - 2015

GURU NANAK’S IDEA OF SOCIAL SOLIDARITY

Arvinder Singh, None

By : Laxmi Book Publication

Abstract :

Social discriminations, cultural conflicts, religious intolerance and violation of human dignity are antithetical to the spirit of social justice. Social unity, peaceful coexistence, religious harmony and a strong sense of belongingness are required to create an egalitarian society. Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, played a momentous role in inculcating the spirit of social solidarity through the spirit of Fatherhood of God and Brotherhood of Mankind. He wanted to strengthen the socio-spiritual and emotional ties among people of various socio-cultural, religious and economic backgrounds.

Keywords :

• Guru Nanak’s Idea
• Social Solidarity
• social justice
• socio-spiritual
• Guru Nanak’s Idea
• Social Solidarity
• social justice
• socio-spiritual
• Guru Nanak’s Idea
• Social Solidarity
• social justice
• socio-spiritual
• Guru Nanak’s Idea
• Social Solidarity
• social justice
• socio-spiritual
• Guru Nanak’s Idea
• Social Solidarity
• social justice
• socio-spiritual
• Guru Nanak’s Idea
• Social Solidarity
• social justice
• socio-spiritual
• Guru Nanak’s Idea
• Social Solidarity
• social justice
• socio-spiritual
• Guru Nanak’s Idea
• Social Solidarity
• social justice
• socio-spiritual
• Guru Nanak’s Idea
• Social Solidarity
• social justice
• socio-spiritual
• Guru Nanak’s Idea
• Social Solidarity
• social justice
• socio-spiritual

Article :

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Cite This Article :

References :

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82. Gurpal Singh Khaira. "Casteism in Sikh Society: Eradication Strategies" The Sikh Review, Vol. 48. No. 561 (2000).
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111. William A. Darity Jr (ed.). “Sikhism” in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 7 Macmillan Reference, New York, 2008. p. 509.
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119. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
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121. Surjit Singh Gandhi. History of Sikh Gurus Retold, Vol. 1, Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi. p. 190.
122. Balwant Singh Dhillon. "Socio-Political Implications of the Guru Nanaks Message" Journal of Sikh Studies, Vol. 24. No. 1 (2000). p. 26.
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131. William A. Darity Jr (ed.). “Sikhism” in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 7 Macmillan Reference, New York, 2008. p. 509.
132. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
133. Robert A. Sirico "Solidarity: The Fundamental Social Virtue." Religion & Liberty, Vol. 11. No. 5 (2001)
134. Robert A. Sirico "Solidarity: The Fundamental Social Virtue." Religion & Liberty, Vol. 11. No. 5 (2001)
135. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
136. Gurpal Singh Khaira. "Casteism in Sikh Society: Eradication Strategies" The Sikh Review, Vol. 48. No. 561 (2000).
137. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
138. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
139. Gurpal Singh Khaira. "Casteism in Sikh Society: Eradication Strategies" The Sikh Review, Vol. 48. No. 561 (2000).
140. William A. Darity Jr (ed.). “Sikhism” in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 7 Macmillan Reference, New York, 2008. p. 509.
141. Jagjit Singh. The Sikh Revolution - A Perspective View, Bahri Publications, New Delhi, 1998. p. 69.
142. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
143. Harjeet Singh. Faith and Philosophy of Sikhism, Kalpaz Publications, Delhi, 2010. p. 241.
144. Surjit Singh Gandhi. History of Sikh Gurus Retold, Vol. 1, Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi. p. 190.
145. Balwant Singh Dhillon. "Socio-Political Implications of the Guru Nanaks Message" Journal of Sikh Studies, Vol. 24. No. 1 (2000). p. 26.
146. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
147. Gurpal Singh Khaira. "Casteism in Sikh Society: Eradication Strategies" The Sikh Review, Vol. 48. No. 561 (2000).
148. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
149. Jagjit Singh. The Sikh Revolution - A Perspective View, Bahri Publications, New Delhi, 1998. p. 69.
150. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
151. Gurbaksh Singh. The Message of Gurbani, Singh Brother, Amritsar, 2007. p. 15.
152. Jagjit Singh. The Sikh Revolution - A Perspective View, Bahri Publications, New Delhi, 1998. p. 69.
153. William A. Darity Jr (ed.). “Sikhism” in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 7 Macmillan Reference, New York, 2008. p. 509.
154. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
155. Robert A. Sirico "Solidarity: The Fundamental Social Virtue." Religion & Liberty, Vol. 11. No. 5 (2001)
156. Gurpal Singh Khaira. "Casteism in Sikh Society: Eradication Strategies" The Sikh Review, Vol. 48. No. 561 (2000).
157. William A. Darity Jr (ed.). “Sikhism” in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 7 Macmillan Reference, New York, 2008. p. 509.
158. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
159. Robert A. Sirico "Solidarity: The Fundamental Social Virtue." Religion & Liberty, Vol. 11. No. 5 (2001)
160. William A. Darity Jr (ed.). “Sikhism” in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 7 Macmillan Reference, New York, 2008. p. 509.
161. Gurbaksh Singh. The Message of Gurbani, Singh Brother, Amritsar, 2007. p. 15.
162. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
163. Jagjit Singh. The Sikh Revolution - A Perspective View, Bahri Publications, New Delhi, 1998. p. 69.
164. William A. Darity Jr (ed.). “Sikhism” in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 7 Macmillan Reference, New York, 2008. p. 509.
165. Jagjit Singh. The Sikh Revolution - A Perspective View, Bahri Publications, New Delhi, 1998. p. 69.
166. Robert A. Sirico "Solidarity: The Fundamental Social Virtue." Religion & Liberty, Vol. 11. No. 5 (2001)
167. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
168. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
169. Jagjit Singh. The Sikh Revolution - A Perspective View, Bahri Publications, New Delhi, 1998. p. 69.
170. Gurpal Singh Khaira. "Casteism in Sikh Society: Eradication Strategies" The Sikh Review, Vol. 48. No. 561 (2000).
171. Gurbaksh Singh. The Message of Gurbani, Singh Brother, Amritsar, 2007. p. 15.
172. William A. Darity Jr (ed.). “Sikhism” in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 7 Macmillan Reference, New York, 2008. p. 509.
173. Gurbaksh Singh. The Message of Gurbani, Singh Brother, Amritsar, 2007. p. 15.
174. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
175. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
176. Jagjit Singh. The Sikh Revolution - A Perspective View, Bahri Publications, New Delhi, 1998. p. 69.
177. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
178. Jagjit Singh. The Sikh Revolution - A Perspective View, Bahri Publications, New Delhi, 1998. p. 69.
179. Jagjit Singh. The Sikh Revolution - A Perspective View, Bahri Publications, New Delhi, 1998. p. 69.
180. Gurpal Singh Khaira. "Casteism in Sikh Society: Eradication Strategies" The Sikh Review, Vol. 48. No. 561 (2000).
181. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
182. Gurpal Singh Khaira. "Casteism in Sikh Society: Eradication Strategies" The Sikh Review, Vol. 48. No. 561 (2000).
183. Harjeet Singh. Faith and Philosophy of Sikhism, Kalpaz Publications, Delhi, 2010. p. 241.
184. Surjit Singh Gandhi. History of Sikh Gurus Retold, Vol. 1, Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi. p. 190.
185. Balwant Singh Dhillon. "Socio-Political Implications of the Guru Nanaks Message" Journal of Sikh Studies, Vol. 24. No. 1 (2000). p. 26.
186. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
187. Gurbaksh Singh. The Message of Gurbani, Singh Brother, Amritsar, 2007. p. 15.
188. Gurpal Singh Khaira. "Casteism in Sikh Society: Eradication Strategies" The Sikh Review, Vol. 48. No. 561 (2000).
189. Jagjit Singh. The Sikh Revolution - A Perspective View, Bahri Publications, New Delhi, 1998. p. 69.
190. Gurbaksh Singh. The Message of Gurbani, Singh Brother, Amritsar, 2007. p. 15.
191. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
192. Robert A. Sirico "Solidarity: The Fundamental Social Virtue." Religion & Liberty, Vol. 11. No. 5 (2001)
193. Jagjit Singh. The Sikh Revolution - A Perspective View, Bahri Publications, New Delhi, 1998. p. 69.
194. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
195. Gurbaksh Singh. The Message of Gurbani, Singh Brother, Amritsar, 2007. p. 15.
196. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
197. Gurpal Singh Khaira. "Casteism in Sikh Society: Eradication Strategies" The Sikh Review, Vol. 48. No. 561 (2000).
198. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
199. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
200. Robert A. Sirico "Solidarity: The Fundamental Social Virtue." Religion & Liberty, Vol. 11. No. 5 (2001)
201. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
202. Gurbaksh Singh. The Message of Gurbani, Singh Brother, Amritsar, 2007. p. 15.
203. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
204. Robert A. Sirico "Solidarity: The Fundamental Social Virtue." Religion & Liberty, Vol. 11. No. 5 (2001)
205. Harjeet Singh. Faith and Philosophy of Sikhism, Kalpaz Publications, Delhi, 2010. p. 241.
206. Surjit Singh Gandhi. History of Sikh Gurus Retold, Vol. 1, Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi. p. 190.
207. Balwant Singh Dhillon. "Socio-Political Implications of the Guru Nanaks Message" Journal of Sikh Studies, Vol. 24. No. 1 (2000). p. 26.
208. Robert A. Sirico "Solidarity: The Fundamental Social Virtue." Religion & Liberty, Vol. 11. No. 5 (2001)
209. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
210. Gurpal Singh Khaira. "Casteism in Sikh Society: Eradication Strategies" The Sikh Review, Vol. 48. No. 561 (2000).
211. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
212. Harjeet Singh. Faith and Philosophy of Sikhism, Kalpaz Publications, Delhi, 2010. p. 241.
213. Surjit Singh Gandhi. History of Sikh Gurus Retold, Vol. 1, Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi. p. 190.
214. Balwant Singh Dhillon. "Socio-Political Implications of the Guru Nanaks Message" Journal of Sikh Studies, Vol. 24. No. 1 (2000). p. 26.
215. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
216. Robert A. Sirico "Solidarity: The Fundamental Social Virtue." Religion & Liberty, Vol. 11. No. 5 (2001)
217. Gurbaksh Singh. The Message of Gurbani, Singh Brother, Amritsar, 2007. p. 15.
218. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
219. Jagjit Singh. The Sikh Revolution - A Perspective View, Bahri Publications, New Delhi, 1998. p. 69.
220. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
221. Harjeet Singh. Faith and Philosophy of Sikhism, Kalpaz Publications, Delhi, 2010. p. 241.
222. Surjit Singh Gandhi. History of Sikh Gurus Retold, Vol. 1, Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi. p. 190.
223. Balwant Singh Dhillon. "Socio-Political Implications of the Guru Nanaks Message" Journal of Sikh Studies, Vol. 24. No. 1 (2000). p. 26.
224. Jagjit Singh. The Sikh Revolution - A Perspective View, Bahri Publications, New Delhi, 1998. p. 69.
225. William A. Darity Jr (ed.). “Sikhism” in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 7 Macmillan Reference, New York, 2008. p. 509.
226. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
227. Harjeet Singh. Faith and Philosophy of Sikhism, Kalpaz Publications, Delhi, 2010. p. 241.
228. Surjit Singh Gandhi. History of Sikh Gurus Retold, Vol. 1, Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi. p. 190.
229. Balwant Singh Dhillon. "Socio-Political Implications of the Guru Nanaks Message" Journal of Sikh Studies, Vol. 24. No. 1 (2000). p. 26.
230. Jagjit Singh. The Sikh Revolution - A Perspective View, Bahri Publications, New Delhi, 1998. p. 69.
231. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
232. Jagjit Singh. The Sikh Revolution - A Perspective View, Bahri Publications, New Delhi, 1998. p. 69.
233. Jagjit Singh. The Sikh Revolution - A Perspective View, Bahri Publications, New Delhi, 1998. p. 69.
234. Harjeet Singh. Faith and Philosophy of Sikhism, Kalpaz Publications, Delhi, 2010. p. 241.
235. Surjit Singh Gandhi. History of Sikh Gurus Retold, Vol. 1, Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi. p. 190.
236. Balwant Singh Dhillon. "Socio-Political Implications of the Guru Nanaks Message" Journal of Sikh Studies, Vol. 24. No. 1 (2000). p. 26.
237. Gurpal Singh Khaira. "Casteism in Sikh Society: Eradication Strategies" The Sikh Review, Vol. 48. No. 561 (2000).
238. Harjeet Singh. Faith and Philosophy of Sikhism, Kalpaz Publications, Delhi, 2010. p. 241.
239. Surjit Singh Gandhi. History of Sikh Gurus Retold, Vol. 1, Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi. p. 190.
240. William A. Darity Jr (ed.). “Sikhism” in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 7 Macmillan Reference, New York, 2008. p. 509.
241. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
242. Balwant Singh Dhillon. "Socio-Political Implications of the Guru Nanaks Message" Journal of Sikh Studies, Vol. 24. No. 1 (2000). p. 26.
243. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
244. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
245. Gurpal Singh Khaira. "Casteism in Sikh Society: Eradication Strategies" The Sikh Review, Vol. 48. No. 561 (2000).
246. Gurpal Singh Khaira. "Casteism in Sikh Society: Eradication Strategies" The Sikh Review, Vol. 48. No. 561 (2000).
247. Gurbaksh Singh. The Message of Gurbani, Singh Brother, Amritsar, 2007. p. 15.
248. Gurpal Singh Khaira. "Casteism in Sikh Society: Eradication Strategies" The Sikh Review, Vol. 48. No. 561 (2000).
249. Gurbaksh Singh. The Message of Gurbani, Singh Brother, Amritsar, 2007. p. 15.
250. William A. Darity Jr (ed.). “Sikhism” in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 7 Macmillan Reference, New York, 2008. p. 509.
251. Harjeet Singh. Faith and Philosophy of Sikhism, Kalpaz Publications, Delhi, 2010. p. 241.
252. Surjit Singh Gandhi. History of Sikh Gurus Retold, Vol. 1, Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi. p. 190.
253. Balwant Singh Dhillon. "Socio-Political Implications of the Guru Nanaks Message" Journal of Sikh Studies, Vol. 24. No. 1 (2000). p. 26.
254. Robert A. Sirico "Solidarity: The Fundamental Social Virtue." Religion & Liberty, Vol. 11. No. 5 (2001)
255. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
256. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
257. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
258. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
259. William A. Darity Jr (ed.). “Sikhism” in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 7 Macmillan Reference, New York, 2008. p. 509.
260. Gurbaksh Singh. The Message of Gurbani, Singh Brother, Amritsar, 2007. p. 15.
261. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
262. Gurpal Singh Khaira. "Casteism in Sikh Society: Eradication Strategies" The Sikh Review, Vol. 48. No. 561 (2000).
263. Gurpal Singh Khaira. "Casteism in Sikh Society: Eradication Strategies" The Sikh Review, Vol. 48. No. 561 (2000).
264. Gurpal Singh Khaira. "Casteism in Sikh Society: Eradication Strategies" The Sikh Review, Vol. 48. No. 561 (2000).
265. Bhajan Singh Badwal. “Report on the Sikh Religious Tradition”, in George F. McLean and John P. Hogan (ed.). Ecumenism and Nostra Aetate in the 21st Century: Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change: Seminars on Cultures and Values, Vol. 23, CRVP, Washington, D.C., 2005. p. 223.
266. Gurbaksh Singh. The Message of Gurbani, Singh Brother, Amritsar, 2007. p. 15.
267. Gurbaksh Singh. The Message of Gurbani, Singh Brother, Amritsar, 2007. p. 15.
268. Jagjit Singh. The Sikh Revolution - A Perspective View, Bahri Publications, New Delhi, 1998. p. 69.
269. William A. Darity Jr (ed.). “Sikhism” in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 7 Macmillan Reference, New York, 2008. p. 509.
270. Shashi Bala. "Religious Pluralism and the Sikh Religion" The Sikh Review, Vol. 56. No. 659 (2008).
271. Harjeet Singh. Faith and Philosophy of Sikhism, Kalpaz Publications, Delhi, 2010. p. 241.
272. Surjit Singh Gandhi. History of Sikh Gurus Retold, Vol. 1, Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi. p. 190.
273. Balwant Singh Dhillon. "Socio-Political Implications of the Guru Nanaks Message" Journal of Sikh Studies, Vol. 24. No. 1 (2000). p. 26.
274. Gurbaksh Singh. The Message of Gurbani, Singh Brother, Amritsar, 2007. p. 15.
275. Gurbaksh Singh. The Message of Gurbani, Singh Brother, Amritsar, 2007. p. 15.
276. Robert A. Sirico "Solidarity: The Fundamental Social Virtue." Religion & Liberty, Vol. 11. No. 5 (2001)

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