Scroll to Top

Volume : IV, Issue : XII, January - 2015

EFFECT OF GEOPHAGY ON THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE

Anil Gupta, -

By : Laxmi Book Publication

Abstract :

Health of children is dependent on nutritious food, proper weaning, good hygiene practices. Inadequate calories upshots into malnutrition. Few children adopt inappropriate behavior and start eating soil. This habit untowardly effects health of children. Study was done to assess the effect of geophagy on health of children. It involved children under five year old, selected from schools (240/440), anganwadi (127/440) and slum areas (73/440). Children with habit of geophagy were seen to be under-weight, (O R = 15.7, p<0.0001)). Also, wasting was more prevalent in soil eating children, (O R = 22.89, p<0.0001).

Keywords :


Article :


Cite This Article :

Anil Gupta, -(2015). EFFECT OF GEOPHAGY ON THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE. Indian Streams Research Journal, Vol. IV, Issue. XII, http://isrj.org/UploadedData/5859.pdf

References :

  1. Fall, M., (2000). Protein-energy malnutrition in children less than five years old in a rural zone in Senegal. Dakar
  2. Maravilla, A. M., Berk, R. N., (1978). The Radiographic diagnosis of pica. Am. J. Gastroenterol.,70:pp 94-99.
  3. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  4. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  5. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  6. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  7. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  8. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  9. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  10. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  11. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  12. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579989/pdf/pubhealthrep00198-0031.pdf
  13. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  14. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  15. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  16. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  17. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  18. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  19. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  20. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  21. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  22. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  23. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  24. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  25. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  26. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  27. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  28. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  29. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  30. Nations, Rome.
  31. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  32. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  33. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  34. Nations, Rome.
  35. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  36. Nations, Rome.
  37. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  38. Nations, Rome.
  39. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579989/pdf/pubhealthrep00198-0031.pdf
  40. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  41. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  42. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  43. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579989/pdf/pubhealthrep00198-0031.pdf
  44. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  45. Nations, Rome.
  46. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  47. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  48. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  49. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  50. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  51. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  52. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  53. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579989/pdf/pubhealthrep00198-0031.pdf
  54. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  55. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  56. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  57. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  58. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  59. Nations, Rome.
  60. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  61. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  62. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  63. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  64. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  65. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  66. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  67. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  68. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  69. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  70. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  71. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  72. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  73. Nations, Rome.
  74. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  75. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  76. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  77. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  78. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  79. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  80. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  81. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  82. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  83. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  84. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  85. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  86. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  87. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  88. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  89. Nations, Rome.
  90. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  91. Nations, Rome.
  92. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  93. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  94. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  95. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  96. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  97. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  98. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  99. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  100. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  101. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  102. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  103. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  104. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  105. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  106. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  107. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  108. Nations, Rome.
  109. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  110. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  111. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  112. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  113. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  114. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  115. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  116. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  117. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  118. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  119. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  120. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  121. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  122. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  123. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  124. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  125. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  126. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  127. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  128. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  129. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579989/pdf/pubhealthrep00198-0031.pdf
  130. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  131. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  132. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  133. Nations, Rome.
  134. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  135. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  136. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  137. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  138. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  139. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  140. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  141. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  142. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  143. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  144. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  145. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  146. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  147. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  148. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  149. Fall, M., (2000). Protein-energy malnutrition in children less than five years old in a rural zone in Senegal. Dakar
  150. Maravilla, A. M., Berk, R. N., (1978). The Radiographic diagnosis of pica. Am. J. Gastroenterol.,70:pp 94-99.
  151. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  152. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  153. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  154. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  155. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  156. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  157. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  158. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  159. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  160. Nations, Rome.
  161. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  162. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  163. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  164. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  165. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  166. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  167. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  168. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  169. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  170. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  171. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  172. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  173. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  174. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  175. Fall, M., (2000). Protein-energy malnutrition in children less than five years old in a rural zone in Senegal. Dakar
  176. Maravilla, A. M., Berk, R. N., (1978). The Radiographic diagnosis of pica. Am. J. Gastroenterol.,70:pp 94-99.
  177. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  178. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  179. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  180. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  181. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  182. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  183. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  184. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  185. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  186. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  187. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  188. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  189. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  190. Fall, M., (2000). Protein-energy malnutrition in children less than five years old in a rural zone in Senegal. Dakar
  191. Maravilla, A. M., Berk, R. N., (1978). The Radiographic diagnosis of pica. Am. J. Gastroenterol.,70:pp 94-99.
  192. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  193. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  194. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  195. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  196. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  197. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  198. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  199. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  200. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  201. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  202. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  203. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  204. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  205. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  206. Nations, Rome.
  207. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  208. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  209. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  210. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  211. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  212. Nations, Rome.
  213. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  214. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  215. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  216. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  217. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  218. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  219. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  220. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  221. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  222. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579989/pdf/pubhealthrep00198-0031.pdf
  223. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  224. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  225. Nations, Rome.
  226. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  227. Fall, M., (2000). Protein-energy malnutrition in children less than five years old in a rural zone in Senegal. Dakar
  228. Maravilla, A. M., Berk, R. N., (1978). The Radiographic diagnosis of pica. Am. J. Gastroenterol.,70:pp 94-99.
  229. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  230. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  231. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  232. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  233. Nations, Rome.
  234. Fall, M., (2000). Protein-energy malnutrition in children less than five years old in a rural zone in Senegal. Dakar
  235. Maravilla, A. M., Berk, R. N., (1978). The Radiographic diagnosis of pica. Am. J. Gastroenterol.,70:pp 94-99.
  236. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  237. Nations, Rome.
  238. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  239. Nations, Rome.
  240. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  241. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  242. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  243. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  244. Fall, M., (2000). Protein-energy malnutrition in children less than five years old in a rural zone in Senegal. Dakar
  245. Maravilla, A. M., Berk, R. N., (1978). The Radiographic diagnosis of pica. Am. J. Gastroenterol.,70:pp 94-99.
  246. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  247. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  248. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579989/pdf/pubhealthrep00198-0031.pdf
  249. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  250. Nations, Rome.
  251. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  252. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  253. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  254. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  255. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  256. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  257. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  258. Fall, M., (2000). Protein-energy malnutrition in children less than five years old in a rural zone in Senegal. Dakar
  259. Maravilla, A. M., Berk, R. N., (1978). The Radiographic diagnosis of pica. Am. J. Gastroenterol.,70:pp 94-99.
  260. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  261. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  262. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  263. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  264. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  265. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  266. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  267. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  268. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  269. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  270. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  271. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  272. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  273. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  274. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579989/pdf/pubhealthrep00198-0031.pdf
  275. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  276. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  277. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  278. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  279. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  280. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  281. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  282. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  283. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  284. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  285. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  286. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  287. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  288. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  289. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  290. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  291. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  292. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  293. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  294. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  295. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  296. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  297. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  298. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  299. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  300. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  301. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  302. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  303. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  304. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  305. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  306. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  307. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  308. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  309. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  310. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  311. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  312. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  313. Nations, Rome.
  314. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  315. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  316. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  317. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  318. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579989/pdf/pubhealthrep00198-0031.pdf
  319. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  320. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  321. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  322. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  323. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  324. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  325. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  326. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  327. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  328. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  329. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  330. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  331. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  332. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  333. Nations, Rome.
  334. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  335. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  336. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  337. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  338. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  339. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  340. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  341. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579989/pdf/pubhealthrep00198-0031.pdf
  342. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  343. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  344. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  345. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  346. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  347. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  348. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  349. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  350. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  351. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  352. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  353. Nations, Rome.
  354. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  355. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  356. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  357. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  358. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  359. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  360. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  361. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  362. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  363. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  364. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  365. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  366. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  367. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  368. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  369. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  370. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  371. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  372. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  373. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  374. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  375. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  376. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  377. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  378. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  379. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  380. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  381. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  382. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  383. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  384. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  385. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  386. Nations, Rome.
  387. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  388. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579989/pdf/pubhealthrep00198-0031.pdf
  389. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579989/pdf/pubhealthrep00198-0031.pdf
  390. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  391. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  392. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  393. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579989/pdf/pubhealthrep00198-0031.pdf
  394. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  395. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  396. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  397. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  398. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  399. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  400. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  401. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  402. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  403. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  404. Nations, Rome.
  405. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  406. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  407. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  408. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  409. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  410. Nations, Rome.
  411. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  412. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  413. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  414. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  415. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579989/pdf/pubhealthrep00198-0031.pdf
  416. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  417. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  418. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  419. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  420. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  421. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  422. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  423. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  424. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  425. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  426. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  427. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  428. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  429. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  430. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  431. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  432. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  433. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  434. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  435. Nations, Rome.
  436. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  437. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  438. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  439. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579989/pdf/pubhealthrep00198-0031.pdf
  440. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  441. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  442. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  443. Nations, Rome.
  444. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  445. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  446. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  447. Nations, Rome.
  448. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  449. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  450. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  451. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  452. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579989/pdf/pubhealthrep00198-0031.pdf
  453. Fall, M., (2000). Protein-energy malnutrition in children less than five years old in a rural zone in Senegal. Dakar
  454. Maravilla, A. M., Berk, R. N., (1978). The Radiographic diagnosis of pica. Am. J. Gastroenterol.,70:pp 94-99.
  455. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  456. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  457. Nations, Rome.
  458. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  459. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  460. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  461. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  462. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  463. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  464. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  465. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  466. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  467. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  468. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  469. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  470. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  471. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  472. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  473. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  474. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  475. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  476. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  477. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  478. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  479. Nations, Rome.
  480. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  481. Fall, M., (2000). Protein-energy malnutrition in children less than five years old in a rural zone in Senegal. Dakar
  482. Maravilla, A. M., Berk, R. N., (1978). The Radiographic diagnosis of pica. Am. J. Gastroenterol.,70:pp 94-99.
  483. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  484. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  485. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  486. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  487. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  488. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  489. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  490. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  491. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  492. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  493. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  494. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  495. Nations, Rome.
  496. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  497. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  498. Nations, Rome.
  499. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  500. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  501. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  502. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  503. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  504. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  505. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  506. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  507. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  508. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  509. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  510. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  511. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  512. Nations, Rome.
  513. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  514. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  515. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  516. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  517. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  518. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  519. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  520. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  521. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  522. Nations, Rome.
  523. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  524. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  525. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  526. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  527. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  528. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  529. Nations, Rome.
  530. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  531. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  532. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  533. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  534. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  535. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  536. Fall, M., (2000). Protein-energy malnutrition in children less than five years old in a rural zone in Senegal. Dakar
  537. Maravilla, A. M., Berk, R. N., (1978). The Radiographic diagnosis of pica. Am. J. Gastroenterol.,70:pp 94-99.
  538. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  539. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  540. Nations, Rome.
  541. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  542. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  543. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  544. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  545. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  546. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  547. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  548. Nations, Rome.
  549. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  550. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  551. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  552. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  553. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  554. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  555. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  556. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  557. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  558. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  559. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  560. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  561. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  562. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  563. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  564. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  565. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  566. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  567. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  568. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  569. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  570. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  571. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  572. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  573. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  574. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  575. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  576. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  577. Nations, Rome.
  578. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  579. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  580. Nations, Rome.
  581. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  582. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  583. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  584. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  585. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  586. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  587. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  588. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  589. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  590. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  591. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  592. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  593. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  594. Nations, Rome.
  595. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  596. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  597. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  598. Nations, Rome.
  599. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  600. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  601. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  602. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  603. Nations, Rome.
  604. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  605. Nations, Rome.
  606. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  607. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  608. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  609. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  610. Nations, Rome.
  611. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  612. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  613. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  614. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  615. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  616. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  617. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  618. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  619. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  620. Fall, M., (2000). Protein-energy malnutrition in children less than five years old in a rural zone in Senegal. Dakar
  621. Maravilla, A. M., Berk, R. N., (1978). The Radiographic diagnosis of pica. Am. J. Gastroenterol.,70:pp 94-99.
  622. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  623. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  624. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  625. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  626. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  627. Nations, Rome.
  628. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  629. Nations, Rome.
  630. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  631. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  632. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579989/pdf/pubhealthrep00198-0031.pdf
  633. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  634. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  635. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  636. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  637. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579989/pdf/pubhealthrep00198-0031.pdf
  638. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  639. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  640. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  641. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  642. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  643. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  644. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  645. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  646. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  647. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  648. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  649. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  650. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  651. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  652. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  653. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  654. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  655. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  656. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  657. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  658. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  659. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  660. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  661. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  662. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  663. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  664. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  665. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  666. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  667. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  668. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  669. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  670. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  671. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  672. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  673. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  674. Nations, Rome.
  675. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  676. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  677. Nations, Rome.
  678. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  679. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  680. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  681. Fall, M., (2000). Protein-energy malnutrition in children less than five years old in a rural zone in Senegal. Dakar
  682. Maravilla, A. M., Berk, R. N., (1978). The Radiographic diagnosis of pica. Am. J. Gastroenterol.,70:pp 94-99.
  683. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  684. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  685. Nations, Rome.
  686. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  687. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  688. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  689. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  690. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  691. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  692. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  693. Fall, M., (2000). Protein-energy malnutrition in children less than five years old in a rural zone in Senegal. Dakar
  694. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  695. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  696. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  697. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  698. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  699. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  700. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  701. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  702. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  703. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  704. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  705. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  706. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  707. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  708. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  709. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  710. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  711. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  712. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579989/pdf/pubhealthrep00198-0031.pdf
  713. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  714. Nations, Rome.
  715. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  716. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  717. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  718. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  719. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  720. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  721. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  722. Nations, Rome.
  723. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  724. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  725. Fall, M., (2000). Protein-energy malnutrition in children less than five years old in a rural zone in Senegal. Dakar
  726. Maravilla, A. M., Berk, R. N., (1978). The Radiographic diagnosis of pica. Am. J. Gastroenterol.,70:pp 94-99.
  727. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  728. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  729. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  730. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  731. Nations, Rome.
  732. Maravilla, A. M., Berk, R. N., (1978). The Radiographic diagnosis of pica. Am. J. Gastroenterol.,70:pp 94-99.
  733. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  734. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  735. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  736. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  737. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  738. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  739. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  740. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  741. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  742. Nations, Rome.
  743. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  744. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  745. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  746. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  747. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  748. Fall, M., (2000). Protein-energy malnutrition in children less than five years old in a rural zone in Senegal. Dakar
  749. Maravilla, A. M., Berk, R. N., (1978). The Radiographic diagnosis of pica. Am. J. Gastroenterol.,70:pp 94-99.
  750. Fall, M., (2000). Protein-energy malnutrition in children less than five years old in a rural zone in Senegal. Dakar
  751. Maravilla, A. M., Berk, R. N., (1978). The Radiographic diagnosis of pica. Am. J. Gastroenterol.,70:pp 94-99.
  752. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  753. Nations, Rome.
  754. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  755. Nations, Rome.
  756. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  757. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  758. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  759. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  760. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  761. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  762. Nations, Rome.
  763. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  764. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  765. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  766. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  767. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  768. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  769. Nations, Rome.
  770. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  771. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  772. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  773. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  774. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  775. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  776. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  777. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  778. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  779. Nations, Rome.
  780. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  781. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  782. Jamaicans in different ecological zones of the island. Trop. Geogr. Med., 43(1-2): pp 136-41.
  783. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  784. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  785. Diouf, S., Camara, B., Sall, M.G., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, O., Diallo, A., Tall, A., Signate, H.S., Moreire, C., Sarr, M.,
  786. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington
  787. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  788. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  789. Geissler, A.W., Mwaniki, D.L., Thiongo, F., Friis, H., (1998). Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth
  790. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  791. Nations, Rome.
  792. Rawlins, S. C., Campbell, M., Fox, K., Benett, F., Gibbs, W. N., Greene, M., (1991). Parasitic infections in young
  793. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  794. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  795. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  796. Nations, Rome.
  797. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  798. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  799. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  800. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  801. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  802. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  803. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  804. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  805. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  806. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  807. Nations, Rome.
  808. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  809. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  810. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview.
  811. infections: a longitudinal study of Kenyan primary school children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92: pp7-11.
  812. Karoui, A., Karoui, H., (1993). Pica in Tunisian children: Results of a survey performed in a polyclinic of the
  813. Khan, Y., Tisman, G., (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: a case series. J Med Case Reports.,4: pp 86.
  814. Prasad, A., Halsted, J., Nadimi, M., (1983). Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly,
  815. Smolin, L.A., Grosvenor, M.B., (2008). Nutrition: Science and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Inc.)
  816. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  817. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  818. Nations, Rome.
  819. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  820. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  821. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  822. Abrahams, P., (2003). Human Geophagy: A Review of Its Distribution, Causes, and Implications. In: Geology
  823. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  824. technical report series No. 854, WHO, Geneva
  825. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  826. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  827. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  828. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  829. hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Nutrition Reviews, 41: pp 220-223.
  830. FAO, (2005). Protecting and promoting good nutrition in crisis and recovery. Resource guide, FAO United
  831. lacey, E. P., Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review.
  832. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  833. Nations, Rome.
  834. Hammond, (2008). Assessment: Dietary and clinical data. In: Krauses food, nutrition, and diet therapy. Editor
  835. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  836. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  837. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  838. Mahan, K.L., Escott-Stump, S., 12th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company: pp383 – 406.
  839. World Health Organization, (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO
  840. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  841. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  842. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  843. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.
  844. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  845. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  846. Tunisian Social Security National Administration. Paed., 48: pp 565-569.
  847. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  848. and health: closing the gap. Editors, Catherine, H., Skinner, W., Berger, A. R. Oxford University Press, USA.
  849. Nations, Rome.
  850. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  851. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  852. Cynthia, R.E., (2014). Practice Essentials. In: Pica. Editors, Pataki C., Giardino, A.P., available at
  853. Hagopian, L.P., Rooker, G.W., Rolider, N.U., (2011). Identifying Empirically supported treatments for Pica in
  854. individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil., 32(6): pp 2114-20.
  855. Med., 45(1): pp 48-50.
  856. DC: American Psychiatric Association, 199.

Article Post Production

    No data exists for the row/column.
Creative Commons License
Indian Streams Research Journal by Laxmi Book Publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://oldisrj.lbp.world/Default.aspx.
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at http://oldisrj.lbp.world/Default.aspx
Copyright � 2014 Indian Streams Research Journal. All rights reserved
Looking for information? Browse our FAQs, tour our sitemap, or contact ISRJ
Read our Privacy Policy Statement and Plagairism Policy. Use of this site signifies your agreement to the Terms of Use