Indian Streams Research Journal

Volume : IV, Issue : XI, December - 2014

THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF INKS- A FORENSIC APPROACH

Bhavana. Desai, J. L. Kalyana

By : Laxmi Book Publication

Abstract :

Thin Layer Chromatography is a very effective tool for examination of ink since beginning. It has proved to be the most convenient methods in separation of inks. Ink is a liquid or a viscous pigmented substance used for writing, printing, and drawing. Ink’s composition and its consistency vary accordingly. It depends on the purpose for which it is used. However every ink is composed of components such as pigment or dye called colorant and vehicle. Some of the common types of inks are writing inks, printing inks, drawing inks, visible inks, and invisible or symphetatic inks. If the ink is exposed to certain liquids such as solvents the colour of the ink dissolves and gets separated. If the solution is allowed to soak on to the chromatogram different colour will separate into different spots on the plate according to their respective Rf values. In the present study THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY (TLC) has been applied to different types of inks to individualize them on the basis of their Retention Factor (Rf) which in turn helps the Forensic Expert to understand about the different inks used on the forged document. Thus by comparing the Rf values of these inks with the Rf values of the Questioned ink samples we can easily get an idea about the inks used in the preparation of a Questioned Document.

Keywords :

• THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY(TLC)
• Retention Factor
• Forensic Science
• THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY(TLC)
• Retention Factor
• Forensic Science
• THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY(TLC)
• Retention Factor
• Forensic Science

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135. Verma. R. S, Prasad. K. N (1979), “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Fiber-Tip Pen Inks,” Forensic
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172. Tewari. S. N and Bhatt. N (1972). “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Indian Fountain Pen Inks,”
173. Verma. R. S, Prasad. K. N (1979), “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Fiber-Tip Pen Inks,” Forensic
174. International Criminal Review” 260, 201 -203.
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177. Professor Lawrence J. Kaplan, “Who Wrote the Ransom Note?”
178. Richard Saferstein ,1998, “Criminalistics, An Introduction to Forensic Science,” 6th edition, Prentice- Hall, New
179. Different Inks”, The Indian Journal of Criminology and Criminalistics, Vol 25(1-3), 102-104
180. Science International, 13: 65-70.
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182. Science International, 13: 65-70.
183. Jersey.
184. Tewari. S. N and Bhatt. N (1972). “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Indian Fountain Pen Inks,”
185. Rehana Haydar, Vinod. K. Singh, Sally Lukose and Vimala Veeraraghavan (2004), “A study of Rf Values of
186. In Use” Institute of Forensic Research, Cracow, Poland.
187. Verma. R. S, Prasad. K. N (1979), “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Fiber-Tip Pen Inks,” Forensic
188. Richard Saferstein ,1998, “Criminalistics, An Introduction to Forensic Science,” 6th edition, Prentice- Hall, New
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190. Ewa Fabiañska, Beata M. Trzciñska, “Differentiation Of Ballpoint And Liquid Inks – AComparison Of Methods
191. Ewa Fabiañska, Beata M. Trzciñska, “Differentiation Of Ballpoint And Liquid Inks – AComparison Of Methods
192. International Criminal Review” 260, 201 -203.
193. Rehana Haydar, Vinod. K. Singh, Sally Lukose and Vimala Veeraraghavan (2004), “A study of Rf Values of
194. Tewari. S. N and Bhatt. N (1972). “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Indian Fountain Pen Inks,”
195. Verma. R. S, Prasad. K. N (1979), “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Fiber-Tip Pen Inks,” Forensic
196. Richard Saferstein ,1998, “Criminalistics, An Introduction to Forensic Science,” 6th edition, Prentice- Hall, New
197. Professor Lawrence J. Kaplan, “Who Wrote the Ransom Note?”
198. Rehana Haydar, Vinod. K. Singh, Sally Lukose and Vimala Veeraraghavan (2004), “A study of Rf Values of
199. Science International, 13: 65-70.
200. Jersey.
201. Different Inks”, The Indian Journal of Criminology and Criminalistics, Vol 25(1-3), 102-104
202. International Criminal Review” 260, 201 -203.
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216. Rehana Haydar, Vinod. K. Singh, Sally Lukose and Vimala Veeraraghavan (2004), “A study of Rf Values of
217. International Criminal Review” 260, 201 -203.
218. Professor Lawrence J. Kaplan, “Who Wrote the Ransom Note?”
219. Jersey.
220. Tewari. S. N and Bhatt. N (1972). “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Indian Fountain Pen Inks,”
221. Verma. R. S, Prasad. K. N (1979), “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Fiber-Tip Pen Inks,” Forensic
222. Jersey.
223. Science International, 13: 65-70.
224. Rehana Haydar, Vinod. K. Singh, Sally Lukose and Vimala Veeraraghavan (2004), “A study of Rf Values of
225. Rehana Haydar, Vinod. K. Singh, Sally Lukose and Vimala Veeraraghavan (2004), “A study of Rf Values of
226. Richard Saferstein ,1998, “Criminalistics, An Introduction to Forensic Science,” 6th edition, Prentice- Hall, New
227. Jersey.
228. International Criminal Review” 260, 201 -203.
229. Professor Lawrence J. Kaplan, “Who Wrote the Ransom Note?”
230. International Criminal Review” 260, 201 -203.
231. Professor Lawrence J. Kaplan, “Who Wrote the Ransom Note?”
232. Jersey.
233. Jersey.
234. Different Inks”, The Indian Journal of Criminology and Criminalistics, Vol 25(1-3), 102-104
235. Ewa Fabiañska, Beata M. Trzciñska, “Differentiation Of Ballpoint And Liquid Inks – AComparison Of Methods
236. Richard Saferstein ,1998, “Criminalistics, An Introduction to Forensic Science,” 6th edition, Prentice- Hall, New
237. Ewa Fabiañska, Beata M. Trzciñska, “Differentiation Of Ballpoint And Liquid Inks – AComparison Of Methods
238. In Use” Institute of Forensic Research, Cracow, Poland.
239. Jersey.
240. Professor Lawrence J. Kaplan, “Who Wrote the Ransom Note?”
241. Jersey.
242. Jersey.
243. In Use” Institute of Forensic Research, Cracow, Poland.
244. Different Inks”, The Indian Journal of Criminology and Criminalistics, Vol 25(1-3), 102-104
245. Jersey.
246. Rehana Haydar, Vinod. K. Singh, Sally Lukose and Vimala Veeraraghavan (2004), “A study of Rf Values of
247. Jersey.
248. Jersey.
249. Science International, 13: 65-70.
250. Jersey.
251. Science International, 13: 65-70.
252. Tewari. S. N and Bhatt. N (1972). “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Indian Fountain Pen Inks,”
253. Verma. R. S, Prasad. K. N (1979), “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Fiber-Tip Pen Inks,” Forensic
254. Professor Lawrence J. Kaplan, “Who Wrote the Ransom Note?”
255. International Criminal Review” 260, 201 -203.
256. Richard Saferstein ,1998, “Criminalistics, An Introduction to Forensic Science,” 6th edition, Prentice- Hall, New
257. Jersey.
258. Richard Saferstein ,1998, “Criminalistics, An Introduction to Forensic Science,” 6th edition, Prentice- Hall, New
259. In Use” Institute of Forensic Research, Cracow, Poland.
260. Science International, 13: 65-70.
261. Science International, 13: 65-70.
262. Tewari. S. N and Bhatt. N (1972). “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Indian Fountain Pen Inks,”
263. Verma. R. S, Prasad. K. N (1979), “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Fiber-Tip Pen Inks,” Forensic
264. Jersey.
265. Jersey.
266. Jersey.
267. Tewari. S. N and Bhatt. N (1972). “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Indian Fountain Pen Inks,”
268. Verma. R. S, Prasad. K. N (1979), “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Fiber-Tip Pen Inks,” Forensic
269. Tewari. S. N and Bhatt. N (1972). “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Indian Fountain Pen Inks,”
270. International Criminal Review” 260, 201 -203.
271. Tewari. S. N and Bhatt. N (1972). “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Indian Fountain Pen Inks,”
272. Verma. R. S, Prasad. K. N (1979), “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Fiber-Tip Pen Inks,” Forensic
273. Rehana Haydar, Vinod. K. Singh, Sally Lukose and Vimala Veeraraghavan (2004), “A study of Rf Values of
274. Science International, 13: 65-70.
275. Jersey.
276. Verma. R. S, Prasad. K. N (1979), “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Fiber-Tip Pen Inks,” Forensic
277. International Criminal Review” 260, 201 -203.
278. In Use” Institute of Forensic Research, Cracow, Poland.
279. Rehana Haydar, Vinod. K. Singh, Sally Lukose and Vimala Veeraraghavan (2004), “A study of Rf Values of
280. Richard Saferstein ,1998, “Criminalistics, An Introduction to Forensic Science,” 6th edition, Prentice- Hall, New
281. In Use” Institute of Forensic Research, Cracow, Poland.
282. Tewari. S. N and Bhatt. N (1972). “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Indian Fountain Pen Inks,”
283. Verma. R. S, Prasad. K. N (1979), “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Fiber-Tip Pen Inks,” Forensic
284. Richard Saferstein ,1998, “Criminalistics, An Introduction to Forensic Science,” 6th edition, Prentice- Hall, New
285. Richard Saferstein ,1998, “Criminalistics, An Introduction to Forensic Science,” 6th edition, Prentice- Hall, New
286. Professor Lawrence J. Kaplan, “Who Wrote the Ransom Note?”
287. Tewari. S. N and Bhatt. N (1972). “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Indian Fountain Pen Inks,”
288. Verma. R. S, Prasad. K. N (1979), “Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Fiber-Tip Pen Inks,” Forensic

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