Indian Streams Research Journal

Volume : IV, Issue : XI, December - 2014

LIABILITY OF MEDICAL NEGLIGENCY UNDER THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1986 : AN OVERVIEW

J. S. Chandpuri, Vivek Kumar

DOI : 10.9780/22307850, By : Laxmi Book Publication

Abstract :

Particularly in medical profession the law requires a fair and reasonable standard of care and competence by the medical man towards his patients. A doctor who is consulted by a patient owes him certain duties, namely a duty of care in deciding whether to undertake the case, a duty of care in deciding what treatment to give and a duty of care in his administration of that treatment. Abreach of any of these duties will support an action for negligence by the patients. The liability of a doctor arises not when the patient has suffered any injury but the when the injury has resulted due to the conduct of the doctor of the doctor which has fallen below that of reasonable care .In other words the doctor is not liable for every injury suffered by a patient. He is liable for only those that are consequence of a breach of his duty and this breach of duty treated as strict liability.

Keywords :

• Medical Negligency
• Consumer Protection
• criminal intention and criminal activities .
• Medical Negligency
• Consumer Protection
• criminal intention and criminal activities .
• Consumer Protection
• criminal intention and criminal activities .
• Medical Negligency
• Consumer Protection
• criminal intention and criminal activities .
• Medical Negligency
• Medical Negligency
• Consumer Protection
• criminal intention and criminal activities .
• Consumer Protection
• criminal intention and criminal activities .

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References :

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219. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
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236. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
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239. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
240. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
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248. AIR 2002 J&K 65
249. AIR 2011 Guj 77
250. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
251. 118.
252. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
253. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
254. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
255. AIR 2002 J&K 65
256. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
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258. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
259. AIR 2010 SC 1050
260. 118.
261. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
262. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
263. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
264. AIR 2002 J&K 65
265. AIR 1969 SC 128
266. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
267. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
268. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
269. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
270. AIR 2010 SC 1050
271. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
272. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
273. AIR 2010 SC 1162
274. AIR 2005 SC 3280
275. AIR 1969 SC 128
276. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
277. AIR 2010 SC 1050
278. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
279. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
280. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
281. AIR 1969 SC 128
282. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
283. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
284. AIR 2010 SC 1162
285. AIR 2005 SC 3280
286. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
287. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
288. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
289. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
290. AIR 2002 J&K 65
291. AIR 2010 SC 1050
292. 118.
293. 118.
294. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
295. 118.
296. AIR 2011 Guj 77
297. 118.
298. 118.
299. 118.
300. AIR 2011 Guj 77
301. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
302. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
303. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
304. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
305. AIR 2002 J&K 65
306. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
307. AIR 2010 SC 1050
308. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
309. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
310. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
311. AIR 2002 J&K 65
312. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
313. AIR 2011 Guj 77
314. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
315. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
316. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
317. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
318. AIR 2002 J&K 65
319. AIR 1969 SC 128
320. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
321. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
322. AIR 2002 J&K 65
323. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
324. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
325. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
326. AIR 2002 J&K 65
327. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
328. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
329. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
330. AIR 2010 SC 1162
331. AIR 2005 SC 3280
332. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
333. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
334. AIR 2010 SC 1050
335. AIR 1969 SC 128
336. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
337. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
338. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
339. AIR 2002 J&K 65
340. AIR 1969 SC 128
341. AIR 1969 SC 128
342. AIR 2010 SC 1162
343. AIR 2005 SC 3280
344. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
345. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
346. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
347. AIR 2002 J&K 65
348. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
349. AIR 2010 SC 1050
350. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
351. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
352. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
353. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
354. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
355. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
356. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
357. AIR 2002 J&K 65
358. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
359. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
360. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
361. AIR 2002 J&K 65
362. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
363. AIR 2010 SC 1162
364. AIR 2005 SC 3280
365. AIR 2010 SC 1162
366. AIR 2005 SC 3280
367. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
368. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
369. 118.
370. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
371. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
372. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
373. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
374. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
375. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
376. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
377. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
378. AIR 2002 J&K 65
379. AIR 2010 SC 1050
380. 118.
381. AIR 1969 SC 128
382. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
383. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
384. AIR 2002 J&K 65
385. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
386. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
387. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
388. AIR 2002 J&K 65
389. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
390. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
391. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
392. AIR 2002 J&K 65
393. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
394. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
395. AIR 2010 SC 1050
396. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
397. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
398. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
399. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
400. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
401. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
402. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
403. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
404. AIR 2002 J&K 65
405. AIR 1969 SC 128
406. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
407. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
408. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
409. AIR 2002 J&K 65
410. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
411. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
412. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
413. AIR 2002 J&K 65
414. AIR 2011 Guj 77
415. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
416. AIR 1969 SC 128
417. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
418. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
419. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
420. AIR 2002 J&K 65
421. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
422. 118.
423. AIR 2011 Guj 77
424. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
425. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
426. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
427. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
428. AIR 2002 J&K 65
429. AIR 2010 SC 1050
430. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
431. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
432. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
433. AIR 2011 Guj 77
434. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
435. AIR 2010 SC 1050
436. AIR 1969 SC 128
437. 118.
438. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
439. AIR 2011 Guj 77
440. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
441. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
442. 118.
443. AIR 2010 SC 1162
444. AIR 2005 SC 3280
445. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
446. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
447. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
448. AIR 2002 J&K 65
449. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
450. AIR 2010 SC 1050
451. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
452. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
453. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
454. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
455. AIR 2002 J&K 65
456. AIR 2010 SC 1162
457. AIR 2005 SC 3280
458. AIR 2010 SC 1050
459. AIR 2010 SC 1050
460. AIR 2010 SC 1050
461. AIR 2010 SC 1050
462. AIR 1969 SC 128
463. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
464. AIR 1969 SC 128
465. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
466. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
467. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
468. AIR 2002 J&K 65
469. AIR 1969 SC 128
470. 118.
471. AIR 2010 SC 1050
472. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
473. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
474. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
475. AIR 2002 J&K 65
476. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
477. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
478. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
479. AIR 2002 J&K 65
480. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
481. AIR 2011 Guj 77
482. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
483. AIR 2002 J&K 65
484. AIR 2010 SC 1050
485. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
486. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
487. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
488. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
489. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
490. AIR 2002 J&K 65
491. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
492. AIR 1969 SC 128
493. AIR 1969 SC 128
494. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
495. AIR 2010 SC 1050
496. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
497. AIR 2010 SC 1162
498. AIR 2005 SC 3280
499. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
500. AIR 2010 SC 1162
501. AIR 2005 SC 3280
502. AIR 2010 SC 1050
503. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
504. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
505. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
506. AIR 2002 J&K 65
507. AIR 2010 SC 1050
508. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
509. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
510. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
511. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
512. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
513. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
514. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
515. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
516. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
517. AIR 2002 J&K 65
518. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
519. AIR 2010 SC 1050
520. AIR 2010 SC 1162
521. AIR 2005 SC 3280
522. 118.
523. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
524. AIR 2011 Guj 77
525. AIR 2010 SC 1050
526. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
527. AIR 2010 SC 1050
528. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
529. AIR 2010 SC 1050
530. AIR 2011 Guj 77
531. 118.
532. 118.
533. AIR 1969 SC 128
534. AIR 2010 SC 1050
535. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
536. AIR 2010 SC 1050
537. AIR 2010 SC 1050
538. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
539. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
540. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
541. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
542. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
543. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
544. AIR 2002 J&K 65
545. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
546. AIR 2010 SC 1050
547. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
548. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
549. 118.
550. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
551. AIR 2011 Guj 77
552. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
553. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
554. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
555. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
556. AIR 2002 J&K 65
557. AIR 2010 SC 1050
558. AIR 2010 SC 1050
559. AIR 2010 SC 1050
560. AIR 2011 Guj 77
561. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
562. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
563. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
564. AIR 2002 J&K 65
565. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
566. AIR 2011 Guj 77
567. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
568. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
569. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
570. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
571. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
572. AIR 1969 SC 128
573. AIR 2002 J&K 65
574. AIR 2010 SC 1162
575. AIR 2005 SC 3280
576. AIR 2010 SC 1050
577. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
578. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
579. AIR 1969 SC 128
580. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
581. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
582. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
583. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
584. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
585. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
586. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
587. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
588. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
589. AIR 2002 J&K 65
590. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
591. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.

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