Scroll to Top

Volume : IV, Issue : X, November - 2014

ANALYSIS ON THE INFLUENCES OFTHE INDICATORS OF WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT ON THEIR REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PRACTICES: A STUDY FROM THE 2008 NIGERIA DEMOGRAPHIC HEALTH SURVEY (NDHS).

Asabe Ibrahim, -

By : Laxmi Book Publication

Abstract :

A large body of research has attempted to explore the relationships between women’s empowerment and their reproductive health practices in some developing countries. The objective of this study is to investigate whether womens empowerment in Nigeria has relation with their reproductive health outcomes. The study uses the Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS 2008). Three dimensions of empowerment were considered in the study; these include household decision making and attitudes to wife beating and attitude to refusal of sexual intercourse. We determine if the dimensions of women’s empowerment considered have any effect on women’s reproductive health outcomes in Nigeria. The study reveals that women’s empowerment has a direct and significant influence on their reproductive health practices in Nigeria. The study clearly reveals that lack of women’s participation in their household decisions compromise women’s reproductive health in Nigeria.

Keywords :


Article :


Cite This Article :

Asabe Ibrahim, -(2014). ANALYSIS ON THE INFLUENCES OFTHE INDICATORS OF WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT ON THEIR REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PRACTICES: A STUDY FROM THE 2008 NIGERIA DEMOGRAPHIC HEALTH SURVEY (NDHS).. Indian Streams Research Journal, Vol. IV, Issue. X, http://isrj.org/UploadedData/5580.pdf

References :

  1. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  2. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  3. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  4. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  5. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  6. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  7. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  8. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  9. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  10. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  11. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  12. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  13. Angel et al, Gender Disparities in Africa’s Labor Market, The World Bank,Income Generation and Intra-Household Decision Making: AGender Analysis for Nigeria, 2010.
  14. Nigerian National Population Commission and ICF Macro, Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2008.
  15. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  16. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  17. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  18. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  19. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  20. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  21. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  22. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  23. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  24. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  25. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  26. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  27. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  28. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  29. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  30. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  31. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  32. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  33. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  34. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  35. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  36. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  37. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  38. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  39. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  40. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  41. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  42. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  43. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  44. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  45. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  46. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  47. Angel et al, Gender Disparities in Africa’s Labor Market, The World Bank,Income Generation and Intra-Household Decision Making: AGender Analysis for Nigeria, 2010.
  48. Nigerian National Population Commission and ICF Macro, Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2008.
  49. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  50. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  51. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  52. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  53. Angel et al, Gender Disparities in Africa’s Labor Market, The World Bank,Income Generation and Intra-Household Decision Making: AGender Analysis for Nigeria, 2010.
  54. Nigerian National Population Commission and ICF Macro, Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2008.
  55. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  56. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  57. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  58. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  59. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  60. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  61. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  62. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  63. Angel et al, Gender Disparities in Africa’s Labor Market, The World Bank,Income Generation and Intra-Household Decision Making: AGender Analysis for Nigeria, 2010.
  64. Nigerian National Population Commission and ICF Macro, Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2008.
  65. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  66. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  67. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  68. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  69. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  70. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  71. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  72. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  73. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  74. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  75. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  76. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  77. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  78. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  79. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  80. Nigerian National Population Commission and ICF Macro, Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2008.
  81. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  82. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  83. Angel et al, Gender Disparities in Africa’s Labor Market, The World Bank,Income Generation and Intra-Household Decision Making: AGender Analysis for Nigeria, 2010.
  84. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  85. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  86. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  87. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  88. Angel et al, Gender Disparities in Africa’s Labor Market, The World Bank,Income Generation and Intra-Household Decision Making: AGender Analysis for Nigeria, 2010.
  89. Nigerian National Population Commission and ICF Macro, Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2008.
  90. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  91. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  92. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  93. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  94. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  95. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  96. Angel et al, Gender Disparities in Africa’s Labor Market, The World Bank,Income Generation and Intra-Household Decision Making: AGender Analysis for Nigeria, 2010.
  97. Nigerian National Population Commission and ICF Macro, Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2008.
  98. Angel et al, Gender Disparities in Africa’s Labor Market, The World Bank,Income Generation and Intra-Household Decision Making: AGender Analysis for Nigeria, 2010.
  99. Nigerian National Population Commission and ICF Macro, Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2008.
  100. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  101. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  102. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  103. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  104. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  105. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  106. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  107. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  108. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  109. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  110. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  111. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  112. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  113. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  114. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  115. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  116. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  117. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  118. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  119. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  120. Angel et al, Gender Disparities in Africa’s Labor Market, The World Bank,Income Generation and Intra-Household Decision Making: AGender Analysis for Nigeria, 2010.
  121. Nigerian National Population Commission and ICF Macro, Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2008.
  122. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  123. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  124. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  125. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  126. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  127. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  128. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  129. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  130. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  131. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  132. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  133. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  134. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  135. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  136. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  137. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  138. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  139. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  140. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  141. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  142. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  143. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  144. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  145. Angel et al, Gender Disparities in Africa’s Labor Market, The World Bank,Income Generation and Intra-Household Decision Making: AGender Analysis for Nigeria, 2010.
  146. Nigerian National Population Commission and ICF Macro, Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2008.
  147. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  148. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  149. Angel et al, Gender Disparities in Africa’s Labor Market, The World Bank,Income Generation and Intra-Household Decision Making: AGender Analysis for Nigeria, 2010.
  150. Nigerian National Population Commission and ICF Macro, Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2008.
  151. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  152. Angel et al, Gender Disparities in Africa’s Labor Market, The World Bank,Income Generation and Intra-Household Decision Making: AGender Analysis for Nigeria, 2010.
  153. Nigerian National Population Commission and ICF Macro, Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2008.
  154. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  155. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  156. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  157. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  158. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  159. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  160. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  161. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  162. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  163. Angel et al, Gender Disparities in Africa’s Labor Market, The World Bank,Income Generation and Intra-Household Decision Making: AGender Analysis for Nigeria, 2010.
  164. Nigerian National Population Commission and ICF Macro, Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2008.
  165. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  166. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  167. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  168. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  169. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  170. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  171. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  172. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  173. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  174. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  175. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  176. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  177. Nigerian National Population Commission and ICF Macro, Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2008.
  178. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  179. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  180. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  181. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  182. Angel et al, Gender Disparities in Africa’s Labor Market, The World Bank,Income Generation and Intra-Household Decision Making: AGender Analysis for Nigeria, 2010.
  183. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  184. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  185. Angel et al, Gender Disparities in Africa’s Labor Market, The World Bank,Income Generation and Intra-Household Decision Making: AGender Analysis for Nigeria, 2010.
  186. Nigerian National Population Commission and ICF Macro, Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2008.
  187. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  188. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  189. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  190. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  191. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  192. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  193. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  194. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  195. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  196. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  197. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  198. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  199. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  200. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  201. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  202. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  203. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  204. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  205. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  206. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  207. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  208. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  209. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  210. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  211. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  212. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  213. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  214. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  215. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  216. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  217. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  218. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  219. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  220. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  221. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  222. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  223. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  224. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  225. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  226. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  227. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  228. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  229. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  230. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  231. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  232. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  233. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  234. Angel et al, Gender Disparities in Africa’s Labor Market, The World Bank,Income Generation and Intra-Household Decision Making: AGender Analysis for Nigeria, 2010.
  235. Nigerian National Population Commission and ICF Macro, Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2008.
  236. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  237. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  238. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  239. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  240. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  241. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  242. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  243. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  244. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  245. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  246. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  247. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  248. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  249. Angel et al, Gender Disparities in Africa’s Labor Market, The World Bank,Income Generation and Intra-Household Decision Making: AGender Analysis for Nigeria, 2010.
  250. Nigerian National Population Commission and ICF Macro, Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2008.
  251. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  252. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  253. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  254. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  255. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  256. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  257. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  258. Angel et al, Gender Disparities in Africa’s Labor Market, The World Bank,Income Generation and Intra-Household Decision Making: AGender Analysis for Nigeria, 2010.
  259. Nigerian National Population Commission and ICF Macro, Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2008.
  260. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  261. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  262. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  263. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  264. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  265. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  266. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  267. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  268. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  269. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  270. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  271. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  272. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  273. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  274. Ahmed et al, Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries, Plos One Vol. 5 number 6, 2010, PubMed.
  275. Darteh et al, Reproductive health decision making among Ghanaian women, Reproductive Health, 2014.
  276. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.
  277. Malhotra et al, Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development, Background Paper prepared for World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives, World Bank Publication 2002.
  278. Kabeer. N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice, Reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment, Sida Studies, number 3, 200.
  279. Bloom et al, Dimensions of Women’s Autonomy and Influence on Maternal Health care Utilization in North Indian City, Demography, PubMed 32(2), 2001.
  280. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  281. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  282. Do M. and Kurimoto N. Women’s Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods in Selected African Countries, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 38 number 1, 23-33, PubMed 22481146, 2012.
  283. Corron et al, The Role of Gender Empowerment on Reproductive Health Outcome in Urban Nigeria, maternal Child Health Journal vol. 14 issue 1, 2014.
  284. Kirtz et al, Couple Agreement on Wife’s Autonomy and Reproductive Dynamics in Nigeria, Presented at Session 88: Gender Roles and Population Outcomes at the International Union for Scientific Study of Population, Salvador, Brazil, 2001.

Article Post Production

    No data exists for the row/column.
Creative Commons License
Indian Streams Research Journal by Laxmi Book Publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://oldisrj.lbp.world/Default.aspx.
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at http://oldisrj.lbp.world/Default.aspx
Copyright � 2014 Indian Streams Research Journal. All rights reserved
Looking for information? Browse our FAQs, tour our sitemap, or contact ISRJ
Read our Privacy Policy Statement and Plagairism Policy. Use of this site signifies your agreement to the Terms of Use