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Volume : IV, Issue : VI, July - 2014

THE INDIAN TRADE UNION MOVEMENT: NEW CHALLENGES

Santosh Govind Gangurde, -

By : Laxmi Book Publication

Abstract :

Economic reforms were launched in India in the early 1990s. There was, thus, a shift from the state to the market and the Indian economy was slowly geared towards the twin process of globalization and liberalization. Labour market regulations and collective bargaining have emerged as crucially important issues in a globalized economy. Given that globalization inevitably involves economic restructuring, the proponents of globalization – World Bank and IMF – increasingly argue that employment has to be sufficiently adaptable to facilitate adjustment, and stress on flexibility in labour markets. Undoubtedly, this has led to reduced job – security and informalization of labour markets. In this scenario today trade unions face a multitude of challenges from various quarters. The factors like diversity of interests of the working class, the new management techniques that blunt union tactics, the forces of globalization and liberalization etc., all constitute challenges to the effective functioning of trade unions today. In the view of the changing concerns, trade unions will have to reorient their strategies if they are to successfully meet the new challenges. In this context, this paper tries to highlight the various issues before the Indian Trade Union Movement.

Keywords :


Article :


Cite This Article :

Santosh Govind Gangurde, -(2014). THE INDIAN TRADE UNION MOVEMENT: NEW CHALLENGES. Indian Streams Research Journal, Vol. IV, Issue. VI, http://isrj.org/UploadedData/4943.pdf

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  233. Freeman, R. B. 2005. What Unions Do? The 2004 M-Brane Stringwister Edition, Massachusetts, U.S.: National Bureau of
  234. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
  235. (ed.) Veena Das. Oxford University Press. p.1251
  236. Freeman, R. B. 2005. What Unions Do? The 2004 M-Brane Stringwister Edition, Massachusetts, U.S.: National Bureau of
  237. Henk, Thomas, (ed.), 1996. Globalization and Third World Trade unions: The Challenge of Rapid Economic Change. India:
  238. University Press
  239. Kurian, R., E. Aurland and Kamalan P. 1994. South East Asia: Integration of Women into Trade Union Organisation.
  240. Madhyam Books pp. 240-245
  241. Kumar, H. L. 2010. Law Relating to Dismissal, Discharge, and Retrenchment. Delhi, India: Universal Law Publishing Co.
  242. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
  243. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  244. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
  245. Bhowmik, S. 2013. Whither Labour Movement? in Frontier Weekly , Vol.45, No.41.
  246. Datt, Ruddar, 2013. Emerging Trends in the trade Union Movement in Mainstream, Vol. XLVI , NO. 20
  247. Elson, D. (ed.) 1991. Male Bias in Macro-Economics: the Case of Structural Adjustment. Manchester: Manchester
  248. Gupta, A. and Gupta, N. 2013. The 21st Century Trade Union Challenges in India in J Account Mark 2:104.
  249. Henk, Thomas, (ed.), 1996. Globalization and Third World Trade unions: The Challenge of Rapid Economic Change. India:
  250. Bhopal, M, 2001. Malaysian Unions in Political Crisis: Assessing the impact of the Asian Contagion Asia Pacific Business
  251. Bhowmik, S. 2013. Whither Labour Movement? in Frontier Weekly , Vol.45, No.41.
  252. Datt, Ruddar, 2013. Emerging Trends in the trade Union Movement in Mainstream, Vol. XLVI , NO. 20
  253. Elson, D. (ed.) 1991. Male Bias in Macro-Economics: the Case of Structural Adjustment. Manchester: Manchester
  254. Gupta, A. and Gupta, N. 2013. The 21st Century Trade Union Challenges in India in J Account Mark 2:104.
  255. Bhopal, M, 2001. Malaysian Unions in Political Crisis: Assessing the impact of the Asian Contagion Asia Pacific Business
  256. Bhowmik, S. 2013. Whither Labour Movement? in Frontier Weekly , Vol.45, No.41.
  257. Datt, Ruddar, 2013. Emerging Trends in the trade Union Movement in Mainstream, Vol. XLVI , NO. 20
  258. Elson, D. (ed.) 1991. Male Bias in Macro-Economics: the Case of Structural Adjustment. Manchester: Manchester
  259. Gupta, A. and Gupta, N. 2013. The 21st Century Trade Union Challenges in India in J Account Mark 2:104.
  260. Freeman, R. B. 2005. What Unions Do? The 2004 M-Brane Stringwister Edition, Massachusetts, U.S.: National Bureau of
  261. Henk, Thomas, (ed.), 1996. Globalization and Third World Trade unions: The Challenge of Rapid Economic Change. India:
  262. Review 8: pp.73-100
  263. Ghosh, G, 2005. Indian Trade Union movement. U.S.: The Peoples History Publication
  264. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  265. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
  266. Bhopal, M, 2001. Malaysian Unions in Political Crisis: Assessing the impact of the Asian Contagion Asia Pacific Business
  267. Freeman, R. B. 2005. What Unions Do? The 2004 M-Brane Stringwister Edition, Massachusetts, U.S.: National Bureau of
  268. Henk, Thomas, (ed.), 1996. Globalization and Third World Trade unions: The Challenge of Rapid Economic Change. India:
  269. Society 2: pp. 429-442
  270. Bhowmik, S. 2013. Whither Labour Movement? in Frontier Weekly , Vol.45, No.41.
  271. Datt, Ruddar, 2013. Emerging Trends in the trade Union Movement in Mainstream, Vol. XLVI , NO. 20
  272. Elson, D. (ed.) 1991. Male Bias in Macro-Economics: the Case of Structural Adjustment. Manchester: Manchester
  273. Gupta, A. and Gupta, N. 2013. The 21st Century Trade Union Challenges in India in J Account Mark 2:104.
  274. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  275. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
  276. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
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  278. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
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  293. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
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  332. Henk, Thomas, (ed.), 1996. Globalization and Third World Trade unions: The Challenge of Rapid Economic Change. India:
  333. University Press
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  335. Freeman, R. B. 2005. What Unions Do? The 2004 M-Brane Stringwister Edition, Massachusetts, U.S.: National Bureau of
  336. Henk, Thomas, (ed.), 1996. Globalization and Third World Trade unions: The Challenge of Rapid Economic Change. India:
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  349. Brussels: Evaluation Report, ICFTU
  350. Freeman, R. B. 2005. What Unions Do? The 2004 M-Brane Stringwister Edition, Massachusetts, U.S.: National Bureau of
  351. Henk, Thomas, (ed.), 1996. Globalization and Third World Trade unions: The Challenge of Rapid Economic Change. India:
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  359. Freeman, R. B. 2005. What Unions Do? The 2004 M-Brane Stringwister Edition, Massachusetts, U.S.: National Bureau of
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  365. (ed.) Veena Das. Oxford University Press. p.1251
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  367. Kumar, H. L. 2010. Law Relating to Dismissal, Discharge, and Retrenchment. Delhi, India: Universal Law Publishing Co.
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  377. Freeman, R. B. 2005. What Unions Do? The 2004 M-Brane Stringwister Edition, Massachusetts, U.S.: National Bureau of
  378. Henk, Thomas, (ed.), 1996. Globalization and Third World Trade unions: The Challenge of Rapid Economic Change. India:
  379. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
  380. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  381. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
  382. Society 2: pp. 429-442
  383. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  384. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
  385. Freeman, R. B. 2005. What Unions Do? The 2004 M-Brane Stringwister Edition, Massachusetts, U.S.: National Bureau of
  386. Henk, Thomas, (ed.), 1996. Globalization and Third World Trade unions: The Challenge of Rapid Economic Change. India:
  387. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
  388. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
  389. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
  390. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
  391. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
  392. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  393. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
  394. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  395. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
  396. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  397. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
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  401. Gupta, A. and Gupta, N. 2013. The 21st Century Trade Union Challenges in India in J Account Mark 2:104.
  402. Sheth, N. 2003. Labour and Trade Unions in The Oxford India Companion to Sociology and Social Anthroplogy, Vol. 2,
  403. Bhowmik, S. 2013. Whither Labour Movement? in Frontier Weekly , Vol.45, No.41.
  404. Datt, Ruddar, 2013. Emerging Trends in the trade Union Movement in Mainstream, Vol. XLVI , NO. 20
  405. Elson, D. (ed.) 1991. Male Bias in Macro-Economics: the Case of Structural Adjustment. Manchester: Manchester
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  407. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
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  409. Review 8: pp.73-100
  410. Ghosh, G, 2005. Indian Trade Union movement. U.S.: The Peoples History Publication
  411. Society 2: pp. 429-442
  412. Madhyam Books pp. 240-245
  413. Kumar, H. L. 2010. Law Relating to Dismissal, Discharge, and Retrenchment. Delhi, India: Universal Law Publishing Co.
  414. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  415. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
  416. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  417. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
  418. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  419. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
  420. Society 2: pp. 429-442
  421. Sheth, N. 2003. Labour and Trade Unions in The Oxford India Companion to Sociology and Social Anthroplogy, Vol. 2,
  422. Bhopal, M, 2001. Malaysian Unions in Political Crisis: Assessing the impact of the Asian Contagion Asia Pacific Business
  423. Bhowmik, S. 2013. Whither Labour Movement? in Frontier Weekly , Vol.45, No.41.
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  427. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  428. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
  429. Sheth, N. 2003. Labour and Trade Unions in The Oxford India Companion to Sociology and Social Anthroplogy, Vol. 2,
  430. Bhopal, M, 2001. Malaysian Unions in Political Crisis: Assessing the impact of the Asian Contagion Asia Pacific Business
  431. Sheth, N. 2003. Labour and Trade Unions in The Oxford India Companion to Sociology and Social Anthroplogy, Vol. 2,
  432. Madhyam Books pp. 240-245
  433. Kumar, H. L. 2010. Law Relating to Dismissal, Discharge, and Retrenchment. Delhi, India: Universal Law Publishing Co.
  434. Publication. pp. 100-105
  435. Economic Research.
  436. Brussels: Evaluation Report, ICFTU
  437. (ed.) Veena Das. Oxford University Press. p.1251
  438. Freeman, R. B. 2005. What Unions Do? The 2004 M-Brane Stringwister Edition, Massachusetts, U.S.: National Bureau of
  439. Henk, Thomas, (ed.), 1996. Globalization and Third World Trade unions: The Challenge of Rapid Economic Change. India:
  440. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
  441. Review 8: pp.73-100
  442. Ghosh, G, 2005. Indian Trade Union movement. U.S.: The Peoples History Publication
  443. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  444. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
  445. Bhowmik, S. 2013. Whither Labour Movement? in Frontier Weekly , Vol.45, No.41.
  446. Datt, Ruddar, 2013. Emerging Trends in the trade Union Movement in Mainstream, Vol. XLVI , NO. 20
  447. Sheth, N. 2003. Labour and Trade Unions in The Oxford India Companion to Sociology and Social Anthroplogy, Vol. 2,
  448. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
  449. Madhyam Books pp. 240-245
  450. Kumar, H. L. 2010. Law Relating to Dismissal, Discharge, and Retrenchment. Delhi, India: Universal Law Publishing Co.
  451. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
  452. Madhyam Books pp. 240-245
  453. Kumar, H. L. 2010. Law Relating to Dismissal, Discharge, and Retrenchment. Delhi, India: Universal Law Publishing Co.
  454. Review 8: pp.73-100
  455. Ghosh, G, 2005. Indian Trade Union movement. U.S.: The Peoples History Publication
  456. (ed.) Veena Das. Oxford University Press. p.1251
  457. Bhowmik, S. 2013. Whither Labour Movement? in Frontier Weekly , Vol.45, No.41.
  458. Datt, Ruddar, 2013. Emerging Trends in the trade Union Movement in Mainstream, Vol. XLVI , NO. 20
  459. Bhopal, M, 2001. Malaysian Unions in Political Crisis: Assessing the impact of the Asian Contagion Asia Pacific Business
  460. Society 2: pp. 429-442
  461. Bhowmik, S. 2013. Whither Labour Movement? in Frontier Weekly , Vol.45, No.41.
  462. Datt, Ruddar, 2013. Emerging Trends in the trade Union Movement in Mainstream, Vol. XLVI , NO. 20
  463. Elson, D. (ed.) 1991. Male Bias in Macro-Economics: the Case of Structural Adjustment. Manchester: Manchester
  464. Gupta, A. and Gupta, N. 2013. The 21st Century Trade Union Challenges in India in J Account Mark 2:104.
  465. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
  466. Bhopal, M, 2001. Malaysian Unions in Political Crisis: Assessing the impact of the Asian Contagion Asia Pacific Business
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  469. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
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  472. Bhopal, M, 2001. Malaysian Unions in Political Crisis: Assessing the impact of the Asian Contagion Asia Pacific Business
  473. Freeman, R. B. 2005. What Unions Do? The 2004 M-Brane Stringwister Edition, Massachusetts, U.S.: National Bureau of
  474. Henk, Thomas, (ed.), 1996. Globalization and Third World Trade unions: The Challenge of Rapid Economic Change. India:
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  476. (ed.) Veena Das. Oxford University Press. p.1251
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  478. Madhyam Books pp. 240-245
  479. Kumar, H. L. 2010. Law Relating to Dismissal, Discharge, and Retrenchment. Delhi, India: Universal Law Publishing Co.
  480. (ed.) Veena Das. Oxford University Press. p.1251
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  483. Brussels: Evaluation Report, ICFTU
  484. Freeman, R. B. 2005. What Unions Do? The 2004 M-Brane Stringwister Edition, Massachusetts, U.S.: National Bureau of
  485. Henk, Thomas, (ed.), 1996. Globalization and Third World Trade unions: The Challenge of Rapid Economic Change. India:
  486. Society 2: pp. 429-442
  487. Bhopal, M, 2001. Malaysian Unions in Political Crisis: Assessing the impact of the Asian Contagion Asia Pacific Business
  488. (ed.) Veena Das. Oxford University Press. p.1251
  489. Datt, Ruddar, 2013. Emerging Trends in the trade Union Movement in Mainstream, Vol. XLVI , NO. 20
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  492. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
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  494. Madhyam Books pp. 240-245
  495. Kumar, H. L. 2010. Law Relating to Dismissal, Discharge, and Retrenchment. Delhi, India: Universal Law Publishing Co.
  496. Bhopal, M, 2001. Malaysian Unions in Political Crisis: Assessing the impact of the Asian Contagion Asia Pacific Business
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  498. Kumar, H. L. 2010. Law Relating to Dismissal, Discharge, and Retrenchment. Delhi, India: Universal Law Publishing Co.
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  502. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  503. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
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  506. Brussels: Evaluation Report, ICFTU
  507. Kumar, H. L. 2010. Law Relating to Dismissal, Discharge, and Retrenchment. Delhi, India: Universal Law Publishing Co.
  508. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
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  511. Elson, D. (ed.) 1991. Male Bias in Macro-Economics: the Case of Structural Adjustment. Manchester: Manchester
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  513. Freeman, R. B. 2005. What Unions Do? The 2004 M-Brane Stringwister Edition, Massachusetts, U.S.: National Bureau of
  514. Henk, Thomas, (ed.), 1996. Globalization and Third World Trade unions: The Challenge of Rapid Economic Change. India:
  515. Society 2: pp. 429-442
  516. Bhowmik, S. 2013. Whither Labour Movement? in Frontier Weekly , Vol.45, No.41.
  517. Datt, Ruddar, 2013. Emerging Trends in the trade Union Movement in Mainstream, Vol. XLVI , NO. 20
  518. Elson, D. (ed.) 1991. Male Bias in Macro-Economics: the Case of Structural Adjustment. Manchester: Manchester
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  520. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  521. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
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  523. Madhyam Books pp. 240-245
  524. Society 2: pp. 429-442
  525. University Press
  526. Kurian, R., E. Aurland and Kamalan P. 1994. South East Asia: Integration of Women into Trade Union Organisation.
  527. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
  528. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  529. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
  530. Sheth, N. 2003. Labour and Trade Unions in The Oxford India Companion to Sociology and Social Anthroplogy, Vol. 2,
  531. Bhowmik, S. 2013. Whither Labour Movement? in Frontier Weekly , Vol.45, No.41.
  532. Datt, Ruddar, 2013. Emerging Trends in the trade Union Movement in Mainstream, Vol. XLVI , NO. 20
  533. Elson, D. (ed.) 1991. Male Bias in Macro-Economics: the Case of Structural Adjustment. Manchester: Manchester
  534. Gupta, A. and Gupta, N. 2013. The 21st Century Trade Union Challenges in India in J Account Mark 2:104.
  535. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
  536. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
  537. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
  538. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  539. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
  540. University Press
  541. Kurian, R., E. Aurland and Kamalan P. 1994. South East Asia: Integration of Women into Trade Union Organisation.
  542. Madhyam Books pp. 240-245
  543. Kumar, H. L. 2010. Law Relating to Dismissal, Discharge, and Retrenchment. Delhi, India: Universal Law Publishing Co.
  544. Bhowmik, S. 2013. Whither Labour Movement? in Frontier Weekly , Vol.45, No.41.
  545. Datt, Ruddar, 2013. Emerging Trends in the trade Union Movement in Mainstream, Vol. XLVI , NO. 20
  546. Elson, D. (ed.) 1991. Male Bias in Macro-Economics: the Case of Structural Adjustment. Manchester: Manchester
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  548. Society 2: pp. 429-442
  549. Sheth, N. 2003. Labour and Trade Unions in The Oxford India Companion to Sociology and Social Anthroplogy, Vol. 2,
  550. Publication. pp. 100-105
  551. Economic Research.
  552. Brussels: Evaluation Report, ICFTU
  553. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  554. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
  555. Madhyam Books pp. 240-245
  556. Kumar, H. L. 2010. Law Relating to Dismissal, Discharge, and Retrenchment. Delhi, India: Universal Law Publishing Co.
  557. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  558. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
  559. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
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  633. Sheth, N. 2003. Labour and Trade Unions in The Oxford India Companion to Sociology and Social Anthroplogy, Vol. 2,
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  642. Bhopal, M, 2001. Malaysian Unions in Political Crisis: Assessing the impact of the Asian Contagion Asia Pacific Business
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  650. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
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  655. Datt, Ruddar, 2013. Emerging Trends in the trade Union Movement in Mainstream, Vol. XLVI , NO. 20
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  665. Brussels: Evaluation Report, ICFTU
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  668. Bhopal, M, 2001. Malaysian Unions in Political Crisis: Assessing the impact of the Asian Contagion Asia Pacific Business
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  670. Kurian, R., E. Aurland and Kamalan P. 1994. South East Asia: Integration of Women into Trade Union Organisation.
  671. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  672. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
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  674. Economic Research.
  675. Brussels: Evaluation Report, ICFTU
  676. Review 8: pp.73-100
  677. Ghosh, G, 2005. Indian Trade Union movement. U.S.: The Peoples History Publication
  678. Bhowmik, S. 2013. Whither Labour Movement? in Frontier Weekly , Vol.45, No.41.
  679. Datt, Ruddar, 2013. Emerging Trends in the trade Union Movement in Mainstream, Vol. XLVI , NO. 20
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  682. Herry, E. 2009. Trade Unions and Contingent Labour: Scale and Method in Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and
  683. Bhowmik, S. 2013. Whither Labour Movement? in Frontier Weekly , Vol.45, No.41.
  684. Datt, Ruddar, 2013. Emerging Trends in the trade Union Movement in Mainstream, Vol. XLVI , NO. 20
  685. Elson, D. (ed.) 1991. Male Bias in Macro-Economics: the Case of Structural Adjustment. Manchester: Manchester
  686. Gupta, A. and Gupta, N. 2013. The 21st Century Trade Union Challenges in India in J Account Mark 2:104.
  687. Reddy, Y.R.K. 2005. The Marginalisation of TUs Worldwide in The Financial Express
  688. Bhowmik, S. 2013. Whither Labour Movement? in Frontier Weekly , Vol.45, No.41.
  689. Datt, Ruddar, 2013. Emerging Trends in the trade Union Movement in Mainstream, Vol. XLVI , NO. 20
  690. Elson, D. (ed.) 1991. Male Bias in Macro-Economics: the Case of Structural Adjustment. Manchester: Manchester
  691. Gupta, A. and Gupta, N. 2013. The 21st Century Trade Union Challenges in India in J Account Mark 2:104.
  692. Bhowmik, S. 2013. Whither Labour Movement? in Frontier Weekly , Vol.45, No.41.
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  696. Sheth, N. 2003. Labour and Trade Unions in The Oxford India Companion to Sociology and Social Anthroplogy, Vol. 2,
  697. Benjamin P.N. 2001. Tragedy of Indian Trade Unions in Integral Liberation, Vol. 5 no 2 Bangalore: A BASA Trust
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  702. Bhowmik, S. 2013. Whither Labour Movement? in Frontier Weekly , Vol.45, No.41.
  703. Datt, Ruddar, 2013. Emerging Trends in the trade Union Movement in Mainstream, Vol. XLVI , NO. 20
  704. Elson, D. (ed.) 1991. Male Bias in Macro-Economics: the Case of Structural Adjustment. Manchester: Manchester
  705. Gupta, A. and Gupta, N. 2013. The 21st Century Trade Union Challenges in India in J Account Mark 2:104.
  706. University Press
  707. Kurian, R., E. Aurland and Kamalan P. 1994. South East Asia: Integration of Women into Trade Union Organisation.
  708. Freeman, R. B. 2005. What Unions Do? The 2004 M-Brane Stringwister Edition, Massachusetts, U.S.: National Bureau of
  709. Henk, Thomas, (ed.), 1996. Globalization and Third World Trade unions: The Challenge of Rapid Economic Change. India:

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