Volume : IV, Issue : V, June - 2014 STUDY THE GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ADHD CHILDREN: IS THE RESPONSE TO CNS STIMULANTS A CASE OF ONE FITS BOTH?![](ArticleImage/4930.jpg) Mohamed R. El-Fiky, Gihan M. El-Nahas, Heba H. El-Shahawy ,
Mohamed F. Abdel Aziz , Dalia H. Ali and Nawal M. Khalifa By : Laxmi Book Publication Abstract : Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent disorders in
school children worldwide, with social and academic functioning impairments and persistence into
adulthood that appears to be more in boys than in girls (3:1). While CNS stimulants are the first line of
treatment, improving up to 70-90% cases, their use had created controversies questioning their risks.
Gender mind treatment criteria to test differences in response, side effects profile, dose of response, and
dosing schedule were the aims of the current work. Consenting 21 males and 10 females have
participated in the study, with mean age of 8.2+3, 8.4+2.2 years respectively, 100.8, 106.5 IQ
respectively and no chronic comorbid physical or mental contra indications. They were screened by
diagnostic tools (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Stanford Binet and Wechster
Intelligence Scales, Vigil Continuous Performance Test, Conner's Parent and Teacher Rating Scales, and
Stimulants Side effects Rating Scale). The dosage of the selected stimulant (Methylphenidate) was
estimated based on the subjects' weight (0.75, 0.76 mg/kg respectively). Short-term follow-up of 6 weeks
reevaluated improvement and side effects developed. Combined type of ADHD was the most prevailing
variant, with higher severity in females, namely inattention, reflected in particular on Teacher Rating
Scale of Conner. In the noted marked improvement, there were undetected statistically significant gender
differences, however in the individual symptoms females recorded less improvement and showed more
talk less and less interest as side effects. Conclusive evidences for the role of gender in ADHD require by
passing methodological limitations as well as confounding factors. Keywords : Article : Cite This Article : Mohamed R. El-Fiky, Gihan M. El-Nahas, Heba H. El-Shahawy ,
Mohamed F. Abdel Aziz , Dalia H. Ali and Nawal M. Khalifa(2014). STUDY THE GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ADHD CHILDREN: IS THE RESPONSE TO CNS STIMULANTS A CASE OF ONE FITS BOTH?. Indian Streams Research Journal, Vol. IV, Issue. V, http://isrj.org/UploadedData/4930.pdf References : - Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
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- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
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- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- 16: 177-88.
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- 16: 177-88.
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- 16: 177-88.
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- 16: 177-88.
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- 16: 177-88.
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- 16: 177-88.
- 16: 177-88.
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- 16: 177-88.
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- 16: 177-88.
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- 16: 177-88.
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- 16: 177-88.
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- 16: 177-88.
- 16: 177-88.
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- 16: 177-88.
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- 16: 177-88.
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- 16: 177-88.
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- 16: 177-88.
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- 16: 177-88.
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- 16: 177-88.
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- Backevalier, J. and Hagger C. 1991. Sex differences in the development of learning abilities in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology,
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- ADHD. Psychol. Bull., 121: 65-94.
- cortex. Acta Psych. Scand 84: 110-1.
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) Fact Sheet 2013. ADHD at www.psych.org/public.info/adhdfactsheet 42401 pdf.
- Barkley, R.A. 1997. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions constructing a unifying theory of
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
- Arato, M., Frecska E., Tekes K. et al. 1991. Serotonergic inter hemispheric asymmetry: gender differences in the orbital
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