Volume : IV, Issue : IV, May - 2014 MADRAS PRESS AND AGE OFCONSENTISSUE![](ArticleImage/4793.jpg) Malliga Begum, - By : Laxmi Book Publication Abstract : According to A.R. Desai , the Press in India was an effective weapon in the hands of social
reform groups to expose social evils. The Press in the Colonial T amil Nadu richly contributed to the
growth of the social reforms movement also, which, to a large extent, was part of the national movement.
Sita Ram Singh observed, that nationalism and social reform 'went hand in glove' during the national
movement in India. What he said about the close alliance between nationalism and social reform in India
was true of the Colonial T amil Nadu also. Majority of the nationalist press in the Colonial T amil Nadu,
supported the various issues connected with social reform. However, a few papers, like the The Hindu,
Swadesamitan , New India, Indian Patriot, T amil Nadu, Swarjya highlighted nationalist ideas and
expressed very conservative opinions on aspects connected with the social reform. The Hindu, under
G.Subramania Iyer gave equal importance to the political and social issues while The Hindu, under
Kasturi Renga Iyengar , concentrated only on national movement and freedom struggle. These
newspapers created political awareness among the people in Colonial T amil Nadu. Another noteworthy
feature was that pro- British papers like the Madras Mail , Andhra Prakasika, Justice, Non-Brahman,
Dravidian, Kudi Arasu, Puratchi, Revolt, also supported various social reforms like abolition of child
marriages, uplift of women and the improvement of the condition of women Keywords : Article : Cite This Article : Malliga Begum, -(2014). MADRAS PRESS AND AGE OFCONSENTISSUE. Indian Streams Research Journal, Vol. IV, Issue. IV, http://isrj.org/UploadedData/4793.pdf References : - Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- Ibid., June 1925, p.115.
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1935, p.38.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- G.O.No.3971, Judicial Department, 12 December 1927
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- W ednesday Review, 11 November 1914.
- Unrepeated General Acts of the Governor General in Council for 1864-1871, V ol.II, Government of India, Calcutta,1876,
- G.O.No.1041, Judicial Department, 13 September 1922
- New India, 12 January 1915.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Anita Arya, Indian Women ,Education and Empowerment , V ol.II, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1963.p.1
- G.O.No.148, Legislative Department, 30 November 1914, Bill. No.12 of 1914.
- The Hindu, 23 November 1914
- Indian Patriot, 23 November 1914
- Hindu Nesan, 14 November 1914.
- W ednesday Review, 27 January 1915
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Joy Chakravarthy, Women in Journalism, V ol.I, Sarups Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 2002, p.1
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Maragathavalli, M., Mather Marumanam, Ethaikal,1980, pp.1-2.
- The Hindu, 20 December 1892
- Swadesamitran, 13 February 1915.
- Swadesamitran,(T amil), 18 April 1891; Kerala Patrika, (Malayalam), 4 April 1891; Kerala Sanchari (Malayalam), 1 April
- Ibid., August 1925, p.148
- Suntharalingam, R., Politics and Nationalist A wakening in South India, 1895-1891, Arizona, 1974,p.325.
- pp.103-132.
- Stri-Dharma, July 1925, p.133.
- W omens Indian Association Golden Jubilee Souvenir, p.4
- Rajpruthi Belarani Sharma, Encyclopaedia of Women Society and Culture, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p.76
- T amil Nadu, 16 April 1931
- Madras Times, 15 October 1890.
- The Hindu, 6 February 1915
- Hindu Nesan, 26 July 1930.
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Subba Rao, K., Reviewed Memories, Madras,1953,pp.217-219
- The Hindu, 11 October 1890.
- 1891.
- Swadesamitran, 18 July 1890.
- Karnataka Prakasika, 11 August 1890
- Papers Relating to Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood, in India, Government of India, Calcutta,1886,p.1.
- Stri-Dharma, April 1940, p.38
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