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Volume : IV, Issue : II, March - 2014

INFLUENCE OF INJECTION TIMING ON EMISSION ANALYSIS OF A DI ENGINE RUNNING ON RUBBER SEED AND JATROPHA OIL FUELLED WITH DIESEL FUEL

S. Mahalingam, B.R.RameshBapu

By : Laxmi Book Publication

Abstract :

The petroleum fuels availability and cost concerns the nonedible oils used as raw materials can be obtained from different oil crops that may be used to reduce the environmental pollution.In the development of alternative, biodegradable, and renewable fuels used forinternal combustion (IC) engines to obtain the power. Therefore, in this present study, in?uence of fuel injection timing on the exhaust emission of a single cylinder, four stroke, and direct injection(DI) diesel engine was considered. It has been experimentally investigated using rubber seed and jatropha seed oil blended diesel fuel from 20%(B20)to 40%(B40) with an increment of 10%. The engine was tested at different loads from no load to full load conditions with diesel fuel at normal injection pressure of 220 bar and fuel injection timing of 240CA BTDC. The experimental tests were performed at 210CA BTDC injection timings by changing the thickness of advance shim. The experimental results obtained show that CO and UHC emissions were decreasedfor the proportion of B20,NOx and exhaust gas temperatureincreased with increasing amount of biodiesel concentration in the fuel mixture

Keywords :


Article :


Cite This Article :

S. Mahalingam, B.R.RameshBapu(2014). INFLUENCE OF INJECTION TIMING ON EMISSION ANALYSIS OF A DI ENGINE RUNNING ON RUBBER SEED AND JATROPHA OIL FUELLED WITH DIESEL FUEL. Indian Streams Research Journal, Vol. IV, Issue. II, http://isrj.org/UploadedData/4322.pdf

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  149. emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel-DMM blends,proceeding of the combustion
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  151. Ruijun Zhu, , Haiyan Miao, Xibin Wang, Zuohua Huang Effects of fuel constituents and injection timing on combustion and
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  154. timing strategy to achievepartially premixed compression ignition combustion in a diesel engine. SA paper 2005-01-0167;
  155. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
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  157. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
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  162. Likos B and Callaha TL. Performance and emissions of ethanol and ethanol–diesel blends in direct-injected and prechamber
  163. emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel-DMM blends,proceeding of the combustion
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  166. CenkSayin, Mustafa Canakci Effects of injection timing on the engine performance and exhaust emissions of a dual-fuel
  167. Ruijun Zhu, , Haiyan Miao, Xibin Wang, Zuohua Huang Effects of fuel constituents and injection timing on combustion and
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  169. timing strategy to achievepartially premixed compression ignition combustion in a diesel engine. SA paper 2005-01-0167;
  170. Can O, Celikten I, Usta N. Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of turbocharged indirect injection
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  172. ignition engine, Renewable Energy 31(2006) 1994–2016.
  173. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
  174. institute 34 (2013) 2013-3020.
  175. J. Narayana Reddy, A. Ramesh, Parametric studies for improving the performance of a Jatropha oil-fuelled compression
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  178. (2005) 1059–1070.
  179. ignition engine, Renewable Energy 31(2006) 1994–2016.
  180. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
  181. institute 34 (2013) 2013-3020.
  182. G. Knothe, Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acialkyl esters, Fuel Process Technology 86
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  189. Likos B and Callaha TL. Performance and emissions of ethanol and ethanol–diesel blends in direct-injected and prechamber
  190. (2005) 1059–1070.
  191. ignition engine, Renewable Energy 31(2006) 1994–2016.
  192. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
  193. institute 34 (2013) 2013-3020.
  194. (2005) 1059–1070.
  195. J. Narayana Reddy, A. Ramesh, Parametric studies for improving the performance of a Jatropha oil-fuelled compression
  196. 2005.
  197. Likos B and Callaha TL. Performance and emissions of ethanol and ethanol–diesel blends in direct-injected and prechamber
  198. Adnan,H.H. Masjuki,T.M.I. MahliaPerformance and emission analysis of hydrogen fueled compression ignitionengine with
  199. diesel engines. SAE paper 821039.
  200. 2005.
  201. timing strategy to achievepartially premixed compression ignition combustion in a diesel engine. SA paper 2005-01-0167;
  202. Adnan,H.H. Masjuki,T.M.I. MahliaPerformance and emission analysis of hydrogen fueled compression ignitionengine with
  203. diesel engines. SAE paper 821039.
  204. CenkSayin, Mustafa Canakci Effects of injection timing on the engine performance and exhaust emissions of a dual-fuel
  205. Ruijun Zhu, , Haiyan Miao, Xibin Wang, Zuohua Huang Effects of fuel constituents and injection timing on combustion and
  206. variable water injection timing,Energy 46 (2012) 416-426
  207. engine running at different injection pressures. Energy Convers Manage 2004; 45:2429–40.
  208. emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel-DMM blends,proceeding of the combustion
  209. Can O, Celikten I, Usta N. Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of turbocharged indirect injection
  210. Likos B and Callaha TL. Performance and emissions of ethanol and ethanol–diesel blends in direct-injected and prechamber
  211. diesel engine Energy Conversion and Management 50 (2009) 203–213.
  212. G. Knothe, Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acialkyl esters, Fuel Process Technology 86
  213. fuelled with biogas–hydrogen blends. IntJ Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34:9620–7.
  214. Lechner GA, Jacobs T, Chryssakis C, Assanis DN, Siewert RM. Evaluation of anarrow spray cone angle, advanced injection
  215. 2005.
  216. variable water injection timing,Energy 46 (2012) 416-426
  217. engine running at different injection pressures. Energy Convers Manage 2004; 45:2429–40.
  218. emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel-DMM blends,proceeding of the combustion
  219. ignition engine, Renewable Energy 31(2006) 1994–2016.
  220. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
  221. institute 34 (2013) 2013-3020.
  222. (2005) 1059–1070.
  223. fuelled with biogas–hydrogen blends. IntJ Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34:9620–7.
  224. Lechner GA, Jacobs T, Chryssakis C, Assanis DN, Siewert RM. Evaluation of anarrow spray cone angle, advanced injection
  225. J. Narayana Reddy, A. Ramesh, Parametric studies for improving the performance of a Jatropha oil-fuelled compression
  226. Can O, Celikten I, Usta N. Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of turbocharged indirect injection
  227. diesel engine Energy Conversion and Management 50 (2009) 203–213.
  228. G. Knothe, Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acialkyl esters, Fuel Process Technology 86
  229. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
  230. CenkSayin, Mustafa Canakci Effects of injection timing on the engine performance and exhaust emissions of a dual-fuel
  231. variable water injection timing,Energy 46 (2012) 416-426
  232. engine running at different injection pressures. Energy Convers Manage 2004; 45:2429–40.
  233. emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel-DMM blends,proceeding of the combustion
  234. (2005) 1059–1070.
  235. Ruijun Zhu, , Haiyan Miao, Xibin Wang, Zuohua Huang Effects of fuel constituents and injection timing on combustion and
  236. J. Narayana Reddy, A. Ramesh, Parametric studies for improving the performance of a Jatropha oil-fuelled compression
  237. engine running at different injection pressures. Energy Convers Manage 2004; 45:2429–40.
  238. emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel-DMM blends,proceeding of the combustion
  239. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
  240. Adnan,H.H. Masjuki,T.M.I. MahliaPerformance and emission analysis of hydrogen fueled compression ignitionengine with
  241. diesel engines. SAE paper 821039.
  242. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
  243. J. Narayana Reddy, A. Ramesh, Parametric studies for improving the performance of a Jatropha oil-fuelled compression
  244. J. Narayana Reddy, A. Ramesh, Parametric studies for improving the performance of a Jatropha oil-fuelled compression
  245. ignition engine, Renewable Energy 31(2006) 1994–2016.
  246. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
  247. institute 34 (2013) 2013-3020.
  248. variable water injection timing,Energy 46 (2012) 416-426
  249. engine running at different injection pressures. Energy Convers Manage 2004; 45:2429–40.
  250. emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel-DMM blends,proceeding of the combustion
  251. G. Knothe, Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acialkyl esters, Fuel Process Technology 86
  252. fuelled with biogas–hydrogen blends. IntJ Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34:9620–7.
  253. Lechner GA, Jacobs T, Chryssakis C, Assanis DN, Siewert RM. Evaluation of anarrow spray cone angle, advanced injection
  254. variable water injection timing,Energy 46 (2012) 416-426
  255. Can O, Celikten I, Usta N. Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of turbocharged indirect injection
  256. diesel engine Energy Conversion and Management 50 (2009) 203–213.
  257. timing strategy to achievepartially premixed compression ignition combustion in a diesel engine. SA paper 2005-01-0167;
  258. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
  259. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
  260. Likos B and Callaha TL. Performance and emissions of ethanol and ethanol–diesel blends in direct-injected and prechamber
  261. ignition engine, Renewable Energy 31(2006) 1994–2016.
  262. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
  263. institute 34 (2013) 2013-3020.
  264. CenkSayin, Mustafa Canakci Effects of injection timing on the engine performance and exhaust emissions of a dual-fuel
  265. Ruijun Zhu, , Haiyan Miao, Xibin Wang, Zuohua Huang Effects of fuel constituents and injection timing on combustion and
  266. G. Knothe, Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acialkyl esters, Fuel Process Technology 86
  267. fuelled with biogas–hydrogen blends. IntJ Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34:9620–7.
  268. Lechner GA, Jacobs T, Chryssakis C, Assanis DN, Siewert RM. Evaluation of anarrow spray cone angle, advanced injection
  269. variable water injection timing,Energy 46 (2012) 416-426
  270. engine running at different injection pressures. Energy Convers Manage 2004; 45:2429–40.
  271. emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel-DMM blends,proceeding of the combustion
  272. Adnan,H.H. Masjuki,T.M.I. MahliaPerformance and emission analysis of hydrogen fueled compression ignitionengine with
  273. diesel engines. SAE paper 821039.
  274. 2005.
  275. ignition engine, Renewable Energy 31(2006) 1994–2016.
  276. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
  277. institute 34 (2013) 2013-3020.
  278. G. Knothe, Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acialkyl esters, Fuel Process Technology 86
  279. fuelled with biogas–hydrogen blends. IntJ Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34:9620–7.
  280. Lechner GA, Jacobs T, Chryssakis C, Assanis DN, Siewert RM. Evaluation of anarrow spray cone angle, advanced injection
  281. (2005) 1059–1070.
  282. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
  283. timing strategy to achievepartially premixed compression ignition combustion in a diesel engine. SA paper 2005-01-0167;
  284. 2005.
  285. CenkSayin, Mustafa Canakci Effects of injection timing on the engine performance and exhaust emissions of a dual-fuel
  286. Ruijun Zhu, , Haiyan Miao, Xibin Wang, Zuohua Huang Effects of fuel constituents and injection timing on combustion and
  287. G. Knothe, Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acialkyl esters, Fuel Process Technology 86
  288. fuelled with biogas–hydrogen blends. IntJ Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34:9620–7.
  289. Lechner GA, Jacobs T, Chryssakis C, Assanis DN, Siewert RM. Evaluation of anarrow spray cone angle, advanced injection
  290. G. Knothe, Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acialkyl esters, Fuel Process Technology 86
  291. fuelled with biogas–hydrogen blends. IntJ Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34:9620–7.
  292. Lechner GA, Jacobs T, Chryssakis C, Assanis DN, Siewert RM. Evaluation of anarrow spray cone angle, advanced injection
  293. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
  294. J. Narayana Reddy, A. Ramesh, Parametric studies for improving the performance of a Jatropha oil-fuelled compression
  295. Can O, Celikten I, Usta N. Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of turbocharged indirect injection
  296. diesel engine Energy Conversion and Management 50 (2009) 203–213.
  297. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
  298. Can O, Celikten I, Usta N. Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of turbocharged indirect injection
  299. diesel engine Energy Conversion and Management 50 (2009) 203–213.
  300. (2005) 1059–1070.
  301. variable water injection timing,Energy 46 (2012) 416-426
  302. engine running at different injection pressures. Energy Convers Manage 2004; 45:2429–40.
  303. emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel-DMM blends,proceeding of the combustion
  304. (2005) 1059–1070.
  305. Likos B and Callaha TL. Performance and emissions of ethanol and ethanol–diesel blends in direct-injected and prechamber
  306. (2005) 1059–1070.
  307. CenkSayin, Mustafa Canakci Effects of injection timing on the engine performance and exhaust emissions of a dual-fuel
  308. Ruijun Zhu, , Haiyan Miao, Xibin Wang, Zuohua Huang Effects of fuel constituents and injection timing on combustion and
  309. Adnan,H.H. Masjuki,T.M.I. MahliaPerformance and emission analysis of hydrogen fueled compression ignitionengine with
  310. diesel engines. SAE paper 821039.
  311. ignition engine, Renewable Energy 31(2006) 1994–2016.
  312. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
  313. institute 34 (2013) 2013-3020.
  314. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
  315. G. Knothe, Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acialkyl esters, Fuel Process Technology 86
  316. fuelled with biogas–hydrogen blends. IntJ Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34:9620–7.
  317. Lechner GA, Jacobs T, Chryssakis C, Assanis DN, Siewert RM. Evaluation of anarrow spray cone angle, advanced injection
  318. Likos B and Callaha TL. Performance and emissions of ethanol and ethanol–diesel blends in direct-injected and prechamber
  319. diesel engine Energy Conversion and Management 50 (2009) 203–213.
  320. (2005) 1059–1070.
  321. Can O, Celikten I, Usta N. Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of turbocharged indirect injection
  322. fuelled with biogas–hydrogen blends. IntJ Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34:9620–7.
  323. Lechner GA, Jacobs T, Chryssakis C, Assanis DN, Siewert RM. Evaluation of anarrow spray cone angle, advanced injection
  324. G. Knothe, Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acialkyl esters, Fuel Process Technology 86
  325. fuelled with biogas–hydrogen blends. IntJ Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34:9620–7.
  326. Lechner GA, Jacobs T, Chryssakis C, Assanis DN, Siewert RM. Evaluation of anarrow spray cone angle, advanced injection
  327. ignition engine, Renewable Energy 31(2006) 1994–2016.
  328. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
  329. institute 34 (2013) 2013-3020.
  330. J. Narayana Reddy, A. Ramesh, Parametric studies for improving the performance of a Jatropha oil-fuelled compression
  331. G. Knothe, Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acialkyl esters, Fuel Process Technology 86
  332. (2005) 1059–1070.
  333. J. Narayana Reddy, A. Ramesh, Parametric studies for improving the performance of a Jatropha oil-fuelled compression
  334. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
  335. 2005.
  336. Can O, Celikten I, Usta N. Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of turbocharged indirect injection
  337. diesel engine Energy Conversion and Management 50 (2009) 203–213.
  338. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
  339. Can O, Celikten I, Usta N. Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of turbocharged indirect injection
  340. diesel engine Energy Conversion and Management 50 (2009) 203–213.
  341. variable water injection timing,Energy 46 (2012) 416-426
  342. engine running at different injection pressures. Energy Convers Manage 2004; 45:2429–40.
  343. emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel-DMM blends,proceeding of the combustion
  344. emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel-DMM blends,proceeding of the combustion
  345. 2005.
  346. J. Narayana Reddy, A. Ramesh, Parametric studies for improving the performance of a Jatropha oil-fuelled compression
  347. (2005) 1059–1070.
  348. ignition engine, Renewable Energy 31(2006) 1994–2016.
  349. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
  350. institute 34 (2013) 2013-3020.
  351. variable water injection timing,Energy 46 (2012) 416-426
  352. engine running at different injection pressures. Energy Convers Manage 2004; 45:2429–40.
  353. emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel-DMM blends,proceeding of the combustion
  354. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
  355. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
  356. CenkSayin, Mustafa Canakci Effects of injection timing on the engine performance and exhaust emissions of a dual-fuel
  357. Ruijun Zhu, , Haiyan Miao, Xibin Wang, Zuohua Huang Effects of fuel constituents and injection timing on combustion and
  358. G. Knothe, Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acialkyl esters, Fuel Process Technology 86
  359. fuelled with biogas–hydrogen blends. IntJ Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34:9620–7.
  360. Lechner GA, Jacobs T, Chryssakis C, Assanis DN, Siewert RM. Evaluation of anarrow spray cone angle, advanced injection
  361. ignition engine, Renewable Energy 31(2006) 1994–2016.
  362. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
  363. institute 34 (2013) 2013-3020.
  364. G. Knothe, Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acialkyl esters, Fuel Process Technology 86
  365. fuelled with biogas–hydrogen blends. IntJ Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34:9620–7.
  366. Lechner GA, Jacobs T, Chryssakis C, Assanis DN, Siewert RM. Evaluation of anarrow spray cone angle, advanced injection
  367. ignition engine, Renewable Energy 31(2006) 1994–2016.
  368. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
  369. institute 34 (2013) 2013-3020.
  370. Can O, Celikten I, Usta N. Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of turbocharged indirect injection
  371. Adnan,H.H. Masjuki,T.M.I. MahliaPerformance and emission analysis of hydrogen fueled compression ignitionengine with
  372. diesel engines. SAE paper 821039.
  373. CenkSayin, Mustafa Canakci Effects of injection timing on the engine performance and exhaust emissions of a dual-fuel
  374. Ruijun Zhu, , Haiyan Miao, Xibin Wang, Zuohua Huang Effects of fuel constituents and injection timing on combustion and
  375. emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel-DMM blends,proceeding of the combustion
  376. Adnan,H.H. Masjuki,T.M.I. MahliaPerformance and emission analysis of hydrogen fueled compression ignitionengine with
  377. diesel engines. SAE paper 821039.
  378. Adnan,H.H. Masjuki,T.M.I. MahliaPerformance and emission analysis of hydrogen fueled compression ignitionengine with
  379. diesel engines. SAE paper 821039.
  380. variable water injection timing,Energy 46 (2012) 416-426
  381. engine running at different injection pressures. Energy Convers Manage 2004; 45:2429–40.
  382. diesel engine Energy Conversion and Management 50 (2009) 203–213.
  383. CenkSayin, Mustafa Canakci Effects of injection timing on the engine performance and exhaust emissions of a dual-fuel
  384. Ruijun Zhu, , Haiyan Miao, Xibin Wang, Zuohua Huang Effects of fuel constituents and injection timing on combustion and
  385. variable water injection timing,Energy 46 (2012) 416-426
  386. engine running at different injection pressures. Energy Convers Manage 2004; 45:2429–40.
  387. emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel-DMM blends,proceeding of the combustion
  388. G. Knothe, Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acialkyl esters, Fuel Process Technology 86
  389. fuelled with biogas–hydrogen blends. IntJ Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34:9620–7.
  390. Lechner GA, Jacobs T, Chryssakis C, Assanis DN, Siewert RM. Evaluation of anarrow spray cone angle, advanced injection
  391. J. Narayana Reddy, A. Ramesh, Parametric studies for improving the performance of a Jatropha oil-fuelled compression
  392. ignition engine, Renewable Energy 31(2006) 1994–2016.
  393. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
  394. institute 34 (2013) 2013-3020.
  395. Can O, Celikten I, Usta N. Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of turbocharged indirect injection
  396. diesel engine Energy Conversion and Management 50 (2009) 203–213.
  397. 2005.
  398. (2005) 1059–1070.
  399. timing strategy to achievepartially premixed compression ignition combustion in a diesel engine. SA paper 2005-01-0167;
  400. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
  401. timing strategy to achievepartially premixed compression ignition combustion in a diesel engine. SA paper 2005-01-0167;
  402. Likos B and Callaha TL. Performance and emissions of ethanol and ethanol–diesel blends in direct-injected and prechamber
  403. ignition engine, Renewable Energy 31(2006) 1994–2016.
  404. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
  405. institute 34 (2013) 2013-3020.
  406. (2005) 1059–1070.
  407. G. Knothe, Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acialkyl esters, Fuel Process Technology 86
  408. fuelled with biogas–hydrogen blends. IntJ Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34:9620–7.
  409. Lechner GA, Jacobs T, Chryssakis C, Assanis DN, Siewert RM. Evaluation of anarrow spray cone angle, advanced injection
  410. Can O, Celikten I, Usta N. Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of turbocharged indirect injection
  411. diesel engine Energy Conversion and Management 50 (2009) 203–213.
  412. variable water injection timing,Energy 46 (2012) 416-426
  413. engine running at different injection pressures. Energy Convers Manage 2004; 45:2429–40.
  414. emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel-DMM blends,proceeding of the combustion
  415. Likos B and Callaha TL. Performance and emissions of ethanol and ethanol–diesel blends in direct-injected and prechamber
  416. J. Narayana Reddy, A. Ramesh, Parametric studies for improving the performance of a Jatropha oil-fuelled compression
  417. CenkSayin, Mustafa Canakci Effects of injection timing on the engine performance and exhaust emissions of a dual-fuel
  418. Ruijun Zhu, , Haiyan Miao, Xibin Wang, Zuohua Huang Effects of fuel constituents and injection timing on combustion and
  419. J. Narayana Reddy, A. Ramesh, Parametric studies for improving the performance of a Jatropha oil-fuelled compression
  420. ignition engine, Renewable Energy 31(2006) 1994–2016.
  421. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
  422. institute 34 (2013) 2013-3020.
  423. Likos B and Callaha TL. Performance and emissions of ethanol and ethanol–diesel blends in direct-injected and prechamber
  424. J. Narayana Reddy, A. Ramesh, Parametric studies for improving the performance of a Jatropha oil-fuelled compression
  425. Adnan,H.H. Masjuki,T.M.I. MahliaPerformance and emission analysis of hydrogen fueled compression ignitionengine with
  426. diesel engines. SAE paper 821039.
  427. Likos B and Callaha TL. Performance and emissions of ethanol and ethanol–diesel blends in direct-injected and prechamber
  428. G. Knothe, Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acialkyl esters, Fuel Process Technology 86
  429. fuelled with biogas–hydrogen blends. IntJ Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34:9620–7.
  430. Lechner GA, Jacobs T, Chryssakis C, Assanis DN, Siewert RM. Evaluation of anarrow spray cone angle, advanced injection
  431. Likos B and Callaha TL. Performance and emissions of ethanol and ethanol–diesel blends in direct-injected and prechamber
  432. 2005.
  433. ignition engine, Renewable Energy 31(2006) 1994–2016.
  434. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
  435. institute 34 (2013) 2013-3020.
  436. Can O, Celikten I, Usta N. Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of turbocharged indirect injection
  437. diesel engine Energy Conversion and Management 50 (2009) 203–213.
  438. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
  439. 2005.
  440. Can O, Celikten I, Usta N. Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of turbocharged indirect injection
  441. diesel engine Energy Conversion and Management 50 (2009) 203–213.
  442. variable water injection timing,Energy 46 (2012) 416-426
  443. engine running at different injection pressures. Energy Convers Manage 2004; 45:2429–40.
  444. emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel-DMM blends,proceeding of the combustion
  445. Adnan,H.H. Masjuki,T.M.I. MahliaPerformance and emission analysis of hydrogen fueled compression ignitionengine with
  446. Likos B and Callaha TL. Performance and emissions of ethanol and ethanol–diesel blends in direct-injected and prechamber
  447. J. Narayana Reddy, A. Ramesh, Parametric studies for improving the performance of a Jatropha oil-fuelled compression
  448. ignition engine, Renewable Energy 31(2006) 1994–2016.
  449. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
  450. institute 34 (2013) 2013-3020.
  451. timing strategy to achievepartially premixed compression ignition combustion in a diesel engine. SA paper 2005-01-0167;
  452. 2005.
  453. (2005) 1059–1070.
  454. CenkSayin, Mustafa Canakci Effects of injection timing on the engine performance and exhaust emissions of a dual-fuel
  455. Ruijun Zhu, , Haiyan Miao, Xibin Wang, Zuohua Huang Effects of fuel constituents and injection timing on combustion and
  456. (2005) 1059–1070.
  457. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
  458. diesel engines. SAE paper 821039.
  459. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
  460. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
  461. (2005) 1059–1070.
  462. variable water injection timing,Energy 46 (2012) 416-426
  463. engine running at different injection pressures. Energy Convers Manage 2004; 45:2429–40.
  464. Adnan,H.H. Masjuki,T.M.I. MahliaPerformance and emission analysis of hydrogen fueled compression ignitionengine with
  465. diesel engines. SAE paper 821039.
  466. Can O, Celikten I, Usta N. Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of turbocharged indirect injection
  467. diesel engine Energy Conversion and Management 50 (2009) 203–213.
  468. ignition engine, Renewable Energy 31(2006) 1994–2016.
  469. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
  470. institute 34 (2013) 2013-3020.
  471. Adnan,H.H. Masjuki,T.M.I. MahliaPerformance and emission analysis of hydrogen fueled compression ignitionengine with
  472. diesel engines. SAE paper 821039.
  473. Likos B and Callaha TL. Performance and emissions of ethanol and ethanol–diesel blends in direct-injected and prechamber
  474. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator
  475. G. Knothe, Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acialkyl esters, Fuel Process Technology 86
  476. fuelled with biogas–hydrogen blends. IntJ Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34:9620–7.
  477. Lechner GA, Jacobs T, Chryssakis C, Assanis DN, Siewert RM. Evaluation of anarrow spray cone angle, advanced injection
  478. Adnan,H.H. Masjuki,T.M.I. MahliaPerformance and emission analysis of hydrogen fueled compression ignitionengine with
  479. diesel engines. SAE paper 821039.
  480. fuelled with biogas–hydrogen blends. IntJ Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34:9620–7.
  481. Lechner GA, Jacobs T, Chryssakis C, Assanis DN, Siewert RM. Evaluation of anarrow spray cone angle, advanced injection
  482. Likos B and Callaha TL. Performance and emissions of ethanol and ethanol–diesel blends in direct-injected and prechamber
  483. Can O, Celikten I, Usta N. Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of turbocharged indirect injection
  484. diesel engine Energy Conversion and Management 50 (2009) 203–213.
  485. Likos B and Callaha TL. Performance and emissions of ethanol and ethanol–diesel blends in direct-injected and prechamber
  486. J. Narayana Reddy, A. Ramesh, Parametric studies for improving the performance of a Jatropha oil-fuelled compression
  487. variable water injection timing,Energy 46 (2012) 416-426
  488. engine running at different injection pressures. Energy Convers Manage 2004; 45:2429–40.
  489. emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel-DMM blends,proceeding of the combustion
  490. variable water injection timing,Energy 46 (2012) 416-426
  491. engine running at different injection pressures. Energy Convers Manage 2004; 45:2429–40.
  492. emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel-DMM blends,proceeding of the combustion
  493. Can O, Celikten I, Usta N. Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of turbocharged indirect injection
  494. diesel engine Energy Conversion and Management 50 (2009) 203–213.
  495. ignition engine, Renewable Energy 31(2006) 1994–2016.
  496. Likos B and Callaha TL. Performance and emissions of ethanol and ethanol–diesel blends in direct-injected and prechamber
  497. Santoso H, Matthews J, Cheng WK. Managing SI/HCCI dual-mode engineoperation. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-0162.
  498. institute 34 (2013) 2013-3020.
  499. timing strategy to achievepartially premixed compression ignition combustion in a diesel engine. SA paper 2005-01-0167;
  500. Adnan,H.H. Masjuki,T.M.I. MahliaPerformance and emission analysis of hydrogen fueled compression ignitionengine with
  501. Jeong C, Kim T, Lee K, Song S, Chun KM. Generating efficiency and emissions of a spark-ignition gas engine generator

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