Indian Streams Research Journal

Volume : III, Issue : XII, January - 2014

ANALYSIS OF 16S RIBOSOMAL RNA GENE SEQUENCEANDUSED AS A RAPID TOOL FOR IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA

Dixit Ojas, Raut Amola and Choudhary Sameerb

By : Laxmi Book Publication

Abstract :

One of the most interesting experiences in introductory microbiology is attempt to identify an unknown microorganism. This work was dependent on identifying the unknown bacteria.16S rRNA is the most studied gene for identification of unknown bacteria. The use of 16S rRNA gene sequences to study bacterial phylogeny and taxonomy has been by far the most common housekeeping genetic marker used for a number of reasons. These reasons include; its presence in almost all bacteria, the function of the 16S rRNA gene over time has not changed, suggesting that random sequence changes are a more accurate measure of time (evolution) and the 16S rRNA gene is large enough for informatics purposes. The principle objective of this study is to define scientific parameters to discriminate unknown bacterial cells and develop a reliable and sensitive molecular method to assess the risk of false positive. So to deal the false positive result, a new reverse transcription PCR assay based on used of mRNA as a viability marker is implemented. A pair of universal degenerate primer was selected to amplify the 16S rRNA gene of unknown bacteria. The molecular identification protocol introduces PCR and cycle sequencing.

Keywords :

• 16S rRNA
• cDNA synthesis
• Staphylococcus epidermidis.
• 16S rRNA
• cDNA synthesis
• Staphylococcus epidermidis.
• 16S rRNA
• cDNA synthesis
• Staphylococcus epidermidis.
• 16S rRNA
• cDNA synthesis
• Staphylococcus epidermidis.
• 16S rRNA
• cDNA synthesis
• Staphylococcus epidermidis.
• cDNA synthesis
• Staphylococcus epidermidis.
• 16S rRNA
• 16S rRNA
• cDNA synthesis
• Staphylococcus epidermidis.

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References :

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103. Zarain, P., Lopez-tellez, G., Carmen, R., Romero-lopez, C., Martinez-Laguna, Y., Rivera, A., Brambila, E.,2012, Nested-
104. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
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106. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
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111. Matz, M., Alieva, N., Chenchik, A., Lukyanov,S., 2003, Amplification of cDNA ends using PCR suppression effect and stepout
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117. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
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120. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
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138. Scola, B., Michel, G., Raoult, D., 1997, Use of Ampli?cation and Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene to Diagnose
139. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Osteomyelitis in a Patient with Hypogammaglobulinemia, Oxford journals, 1161-1163.
140. Zarain, P., Lopez-tellez, G., Carmen, R., Romero-lopez, C., Martinez-Laguna, Y., Rivera, A., Brambila, E.,2012, Nested-
141. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Osteomyelitis in a Patient with Hypogammaglobulinemia, Oxford journals, 1161-1163.
142. Zarain, P., Lopez-tellez, G., Carmen, R., Romero-lopez, C., Martinez-Laguna, Y., Rivera, A., Brambila, E.,2012, Nested-
143. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
144. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
145. Scola, B., Michel, G., Raoult, D., 1997, Use of Ampli?cation and Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene to Diagnose
146. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
147. 184-188.
148. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
149. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
150. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
151. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
152. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
153. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
154. PCR as a tool for the detection and differentiation of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with sepsis-septic
155. PCR as a tool for the detection and differentiation of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with sepsis-septic
156. Scola, B., Michel, G., Raoult, D., 1997, Use of Ampli?cation and Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene to Diagnose
157. and Infectious Diseases, Clinical microbiology reviews, 840-862.
158. and Infectious Diseases, Clinical microbiology reviews, 840-862.
159. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
160. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
161. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
162. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
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164. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
165. Leonard, J., Grace, M., Buzard, G., Mullen, M., Barbagallo, C., 1998, Preparation of PCR Products for DNA Sequencing,
166. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
167. Leonard, J., Grace, M., Buzard, G., Mullen, M., Barbagallo, C., 1998, Preparation of PCR Products for DNA Sequencing,
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169. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
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174. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
175. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
176. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
177. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
178. Matz, M., Alieva, N., Chenchik, A., Lukyanov,S., 2003, Amplification of cDNA ends using PCR suppression effect and stepout
179. PCR as a tool for the detection and differentiation of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with sepsis-septic
180. PCR as a tool for the detection and differentiation of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with sepsis-septic
181. PCR as a tool for the detection and differentiation of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with sepsis-septic
182. Scola, B., Michel, G., Raoult, D., 1997, Use of Ampli?cation and Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene to Diagnose
183. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
184. PCR as a tool for the detection and differentiation of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with sepsis-septic
185. Leonard, J., Grace, M., Buzard, G., Mullen, M., Barbagallo, C., 1998, Preparation of PCR Products for DNA Sequencing,
186. Matz, M., Alieva, N., Chenchik, A., Lukyanov,S., 2003, Amplification of cDNA ends using PCR suppression effect and stepout
187. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
188. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
189. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
190. BioTechniques, 24(2), 314-317.
191. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
192. and Infectious Diseases, Clinical microbiology reviews, 840-862.
193. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
194. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
195. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
196. BioTechniques, 24(2), 314-317.
197. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
198. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
199. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
200. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
201. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
202. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
203. Leonard, J., Grace, M., Buzard, G., Mullen, M., Barbagallo, C., 1998, Preparation of PCR Products for DNA Sequencing,
204. Matz, M., Alieva, N., Chenchik, A., Lukyanov,S., 2003, Amplification of cDNA ends using PCR suppression effect and stepout
205. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
206. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Osteomyelitis in a Patient with Hypogammaglobulinemia, Oxford journals, 1161-1163.
207. Zarain, P., Lopez-tellez, G., Carmen, R., Romero-lopez, C., Martinez-Laguna, Y., Rivera, A., Brambila, E.,2012, Nested-
208. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
209. Perils, and Pitfalls, Journal of clinical microbiology, 45(9), 2761-2764.
210. 184-188.
211. and Infectious Diseases, Clinical microbiology reviews, 840-862.
212. and Infectious Diseases, Clinical microbiology reviews, 840-862.
213. PCR, Whitney Laboratory, Methods in Molecular Biology, 221, 41-49.
214. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
215. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
216. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
217. BioTechniques, 24(2), 314-317.
218. Leonard, J., Grace, M., Buzard, G., Mullen, M., Barbagallo, C., 1998, Preparation of PCR Products for DNA Sequencing,
219. Matz, M., Alieva, N., Chenchik, A., Lukyanov,S., 2003, Amplification of cDNA ends using PCR suppression effect and stepout
220. Scola, B., Michel, G., Raoult, D., 1997, Use of Ampli?cation and Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene to Diagnose
221. PCR, Whitney Laboratory, Methods in Molecular Biology, 221, 41-49.
222. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
223. and Infectious Diseases, Clinical microbiology reviews, 840-862.
224. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
225. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
226. PCR as a tool for the detection and differentiation of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with sepsis-septic
227. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
228. PCR, Whitney Laboratory, Methods in Molecular Biology, 221, 41-49.
229. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
230. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
231. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
232. Scola, B., Michel, G., Raoult, D., 1997, Use of Ampli?cation and Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene to Diagnose
233. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
234. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
235. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
236. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
237. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
238. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
239. PCR, Whitney Laboratory, Methods in Molecular Biology, 221, 41-49.
240. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
241. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
242. Leonard, J., Grace, M., Buzard, G., Mullen, M., Barbagallo, C., 1998, Preparation of PCR Products for DNA Sequencing,
243. Matz, M., Alieva, N., Chenchik, A., Lukyanov,S., 2003, Amplification of cDNA ends using PCR suppression effect and stepout
244. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
245. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
246. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
247. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
248. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Osteomyelitis in a Patient with Hypogammaglobulinemia, Oxford journals, 1161-1163.
249. Zarain, P., Lopez-tellez, G., Carmen, R., Romero-lopez, C., Martinez-Laguna, Y., Rivera, A., Brambila, E.,2012, Nested-
250. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
251. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
252. Scola, B., Michel, G., Raoult, D., 1997, Use of Ampli?cation and Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene to Diagnose
253. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
254. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
255. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
256. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
257. Perils, and Pitfalls, Journal of clinical microbiology, 45(9), 2761-2764.
258. 184-188.
259. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
260. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
261. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
262. Perils, and Pitfalls, Journal of clinical microbiology, 45(9), 2761-2764.
263. 184-188.
264. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Osteomyelitis in a Patient with Hypogammaglobulinemia, Oxford journals, 1161-1163.
265. Zarain, P., Lopez-tellez, G., Carmen, R., Romero-lopez, C., Martinez-Laguna, Y., Rivera, A., Brambila, E.,2012, Nested-
266. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
267. Scola, B., Michel, G., Raoult, D., 1997, Use of Ampli?cation and Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene to Diagnose
268. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
269. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
270. Leonard, J., Grace, M., Buzard, G., Mullen, M., Barbagallo, C., 1998, Preparation of PCR Products for DNA Sequencing,
271. Matz, M., Alieva, N., Chenchik, A., Lukyanov,S., 2003, Amplification of cDNA ends using PCR suppression effect and stepout
272. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
273. BioTechniques, 24(2), 314-317.
274. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
275. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
276. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
277. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
278. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
279. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
280. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
281. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
282. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
283. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
284. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
285. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
286. Scola, B., Michel, G., Raoult, D., 1997, Use of Ampli?cation and Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene to Diagnose
287. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
288. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
289. PCR as a tool for the detection and differentiation of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with sepsis-septic
290. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
291. BioTechniques, 24(2), 314-317.
292. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
293. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
294. PCR as a tool for the detection and differentiation of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with sepsis-septic
295. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
296. Leonard, J., Grace, M., Buzard, G., Mullen, M., Barbagallo, C., 1998, Preparation of PCR Products for DNA Sequencing,
297. Matz, M., Alieva, N., Chenchik, A., Lukyanov,S., 2003, Amplification of cDNA ends using PCR suppression effect and stepout
298. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
299. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
300. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
301. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
302. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
303. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
304. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Osteomyelitis in a Patient with Hypogammaglobulinemia, Oxford journals, 1161-1163.
305. Zarain, P., Lopez-tellez, G., Carmen, R., Romero-lopez, C., Martinez-Laguna, Y., Rivera, A., Brambila, E.,2012, Nested-
306. and Infectious Diseases, Clinical microbiology reviews, 840-862.
307. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
308. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Osteomyelitis in a Patient with Hypogammaglobulinemia, Oxford journals, 1161-1163.
309. Zarain, P., Lopez-tellez, G., Carmen, R., Romero-lopez, C., Martinez-Laguna, Y., Rivera, A., Brambila, E.,2012, Nested-
310. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
311. PCR, Whitney Laboratory, Methods in Molecular Biology, 221, 41-49.
312. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
313. Perils, and Pitfalls, Journal of clinical microbiology, 45(9), 2761-2764.
314. 184-188.
315. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
316. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
317. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
318. and Infectious Diseases, Clinical microbiology reviews, 840-862.
319. Zarain, P., Lopez-tellez, G., Carmen, R., Romero-lopez, C., Martinez-Laguna, Y., Rivera, A., Brambila, E.,2012, Nested-
320. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
321. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
322. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
323. PCR as a tool for the detection and differentiation of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with sepsis-septic
324. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
325. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
326. PCR as a tool for the detection and differentiation of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with sepsis-septic
327. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
328. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
329. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
330. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
331. Scola, B., Michel, G., Raoult, D., 1997, Use of Ampli?cation and Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene to Diagnose
332. PCR as a tool for the detection and differentiation of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with sepsis-septic
333. and Infectious Diseases, Clinical microbiology reviews, 840-862.
334. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
335. and Infectious Diseases, Clinical microbiology reviews, 840-862.
336. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
337. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
338. Scola, B., Michel, G., Raoult, D., 1997, Use of Ampli?cation and Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene to Diagnose
339. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
340. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
341. Perils, and Pitfalls, Journal of clinical microbiology, 45(9), 2761-2764.
342. 184-188.
343. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Osteomyelitis in a Patient with Hypogammaglobulinemia, Oxford journals, 1161-1163.
344. and Infectious Diseases, Clinical microbiology reviews, 840-862.
345. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
346. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
347. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
348. PCR as a tool for the detection and differentiation of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with sepsis-septic
349. and Infectious Diseases, Clinical microbiology reviews, 840-862.
350. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
351. BioTechniques, 24(2), 314-317.
352. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
353. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
354. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
355. PCR, Whitney Laboratory, Methods in Molecular Biology, 221, 41-49.
356. PCR as a tool for the detection and differentiation of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with sepsis-septic
357. Leonard, J., Grace, M., Buzard, G., Mullen, M., Barbagallo, C., 1998, Preparation of PCR Products for DNA Sequencing,
358. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
359. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
360. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
361. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
362. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
363. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
364. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
365. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
366. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
367. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Osteomyelitis in a Patient with Hypogammaglobulinemia, Oxford journals, 1161-1163.
368. Zarain, P., Lopez-tellez, G., Carmen, R., Romero-lopez, C., Martinez-Laguna, Y., Rivera, A., Brambila, E.,2012, Nested-
369. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
370. BioTechniques, 24(2), 314-317.
371. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
372. Matz, M., Alieva, N., Chenchik, A., Lukyanov,S., 2003, Amplification of cDNA ends using PCR suppression effect and stepout
373. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
374. Perils, and Pitfalls, Journal of clinical microbiology, 45(9), 2761-2764.
375. 184-188.
376. Scola, B., Michel, G., Raoult, D., 1997, Use of Ampli?cation and Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene to Diagnose
377. Scola, B., Michel, G., Raoult, D., 1997, Use of Ampli?cation and Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene to Diagnose
378. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
379. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
380. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
381. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
382. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
383. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
384. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
385. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
386. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
387. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
388. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
389. and Infectious Diseases, Clinical microbiology reviews, 840-862.
390. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
391. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
392. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
393. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
394. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
395. and Infectious Diseases, Clinical microbiology reviews, 840-862.
396. Leonard, J., Grace, M., Buzard, G., Mullen, M., Barbagallo, C., 1998, Preparation of PCR Products for DNA Sequencing,
397. Matz, M., Alieva, N., Chenchik, A., Lukyanov,S., 2003, Amplification of cDNA ends using PCR suppression effect and stepout
398. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
399. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
400. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
401. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
402. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
403. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
404. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
405. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
406. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
407. Perils, and Pitfalls, Journal of clinical microbiology, 45(9), 2761-2764.
408. 184-188.
409. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
410. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
411. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
412. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
413. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
414. Perils, and Pitfalls, Journal of clinical microbiology, 45(9), 2761-2764.
415. 184-188.
416. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
417. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
418. Perils, and Pitfalls, Journal of clinical microbiology, 45(9), 2761-2764.
419. 184-188.
420. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Osteomyelitis in a Patient with Hypogammaglobulinemia, Oxford journals, 1161-1163.
421. Zarain, P., Lopez-tellez, G., Carmen, R., Romero-lopez, C., Martinez-Laguna, Y., Rivera, A., Brambila, E.,2012, Nested-
422. and Infectious Diseases, Clinical microbiology reviews, 840-862.
423. Scola, B., Michel, G., Raoult, D., 1997, Use of Ampli?cation and Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene to Diagnose
424. Leonard, J., Grace, M., Buzard, G., Mullen, M., Barbagallo, C., 1998, Preparation of PCR Products for DNA Sequencing,
425. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
426. Scola, B., Michel, G., Raoult, D., 1997, Use of Ampli?cation and Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene to Diagnose
427. PCR, Whitney Laboratory, Methods in Molecular Biology, 221, 41-49.
428. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
429. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
430. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
431. PCR, Whitney Laboratory, Methods in Molecular Biology, 221, 41-49.
432. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
433. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
434. and Infectious Diseases, Clinical microbiology reviews, 840-862.
435. Matz, M., Alieva, N., Chenchik, A., Lukyanov,S., 2003, Amplification of cDNA ends using PCR suppression effect and stepout
436. Leonard, J., Grace, M., Buzard, G., Mullen, M., Barbagallo, C., 1998, Preparation of PCR Products for DNA Sequencing,
437. Matz, M., Alieva, N., Chenchik, A., Lukyanov,S., 2003, Amplification of cDNA ends using PCR suppression effect and stepout
438. Scola, B., Michel, G., Raoult, D., 1997, Use of Ampli?cation and Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene to Diagnose
439. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
440. Perils, and Pitfalls, Journal of clinical microbiology, 45(9), 2761-2764.
441. 184-188.
442. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
443. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
444. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
445. Scola, B., Michel, G., Raoult, D., 1997, Use of Ampli?cation and Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene to Diagnose
446. PCR as a tool for the detection and differentiation of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with sepsis-septic
447. and Infectious Diseases, Clinical microbiology reviews, 840-862.
448. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
449. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
450. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
451. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
452. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
453. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
454. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
455. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
456. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
457. PCR, Whitney Laboratory, Methods in Molecular Biology, 221, 41-49.
458. PCR, Whitney Laboratory, Methods in Molecular Biology, 221, 41-49.
459. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
460. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
461. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
462. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
463. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
464. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Osteomyelitis in a Patient with Hypogammaglobulinemia, Oxford journals, 1161-1163.
465. Zarain, P., Lopez-tellez, G., Carmen, R., Romero-lopez, C., Martinez-Laguna, Y., Rivera, A., Brambila, E.,2012, Nested-
466. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
467. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
468. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
469. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
470. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
471. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
472. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
473. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
474. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
475. Perils, and Pitfalls, Journal of clinical microbiology, 45(9), 2761-2764.
476. 184-188.
477. BioTechniques, 24(2), 314-317.
478. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
479. Scola, B., Michel, G., Raoult, D., 1997, Use of Ampli?cation and Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene to Diagnose
480. PCR, Whitney Laboratory, Methods in Molecular Biology, 221, 41-49.
481. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
482. BioTechniques, 24(2), 314-317.
483. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
484. BioTechniques, 24(2), 314-317.
485. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
486. PCR, Whitney Laboratory, Methods in Molecular Biology, 221, 41-49.
487. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
488. BioTechniques, 24(2), 314-317.
489. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
490. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
491. PCR, Whitney Laboratory, Methods in Molecular Biology, 221, 41-49.
492. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
493. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
494. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
495. Brindha, V., Mathew, A.,2012, Molecular characterization and identification of unknown bacteria from waste water, Indian
496. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Osteomyelitis in a Patient with Hypogammaglobulinemia, Oxford journals, 1161-1163.
497. Zarain, P., Lopez-tellez, G., Carmen, R., Romero-lopez, C., Martinez-Laguna, Y., Rivera, A., Brambila, E.,2012, Nested-
498. PCR as a tool for the detection and differentiation of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with sepsis-septic
499. PCR as a tool for the detection and differentiation of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with sepsis-septic
500. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
501. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
502. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
503. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
504. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
505. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
506. Scola, B., Michel, G., Raoult, D., 1997, Use of Ampli?cation and Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene to Diagnose
507. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
508. bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4759-4764.
509. Perils, and Pitfalls, Journal of clinical microbiology, 45(9), 2761-2764.
510. 184-188.
511. shock, African J of Microbiology Research, 6(21), 4601-4607.
512. PCR as a tool for the detection and differentiation of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria in patients with sepsis-septic
513. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
514. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
515. PCR, Whitney Laboratory, Methods in Molecular Biology, 221, 41-49.
516. Journal of innovations and developments, 1(2), 87-91.
517. Clarridge, J., 2004, Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology
518. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
519. Leonard, J., Grace, M., Buzard, G., Mullen, M., Barbagallo, C., 1998, Preparation of PCR Products for DNA Sequencing,
520. Matz, M., Alieva, N., Chenchik, A., Lukyanov,S., 2003, Amplification of cDNA ends using PCR suppression effect and stepout
521. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
522. Janda, J., Abbott, S., 2007, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses,
523. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Osteomyelitis in a Patient with Hypogammaglobulinemia, Oxford journals, 1161-1163.
524. Zarain, P., Lopez-tellez, G., Carmen, R., Romero-lopez, C., Martinez-Laguna, Y., Rivera, A., Brambila, E.,2012, Nested-
525. PCR, Whitney Laboratory, Methods in Molecular Biology, 221, 41-49.
526. Perils, and Pitfalls, Journal of clinical microbiology, 45(9), 2761-2764.
527. 184-188.
528. Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K., 2004,Two novel Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR assays for rapid detection of
529. Mayoral, C., Norona, M., Baroni, M., Giani, R.,Zalazar, F., 2005, Evaluation of a nested PCR assay for Streptococcus
530. pneumoniae detection in pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia, Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 37,
531. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Osteomyelitis in a Patient with Hypogammaglobulinemia, Oxford journals, 1161-1163.
532. Zarain, P., Lopez-tellez, G., Carmen, R., Romero-lopez, C., Martinez-Laguna, Y., Rivera, A., Brambila, E.,2012, Nested-
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