Indian Streams Research Journal

Volume : IV, Issue : XI, December - 2014

LIABILITY OF MEDICAL NEGLIGENCY UNDER THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1986 : AN OVERVIEW

J. S. Chandpuri, Vivek Kumar

DOI : 10.9780/22307850, By : Laxmi Book Publication

Abstract :

Particularly in medical profession the law requires a fair and reasonable standard of care and competence by the medical man towards his patients. A doctor who is consulted by a patient owes him certain duties, namely a duty of care in deciding whether to undertake the case, a duty of care in deciding what treatment to give and a duty of care in his administration of that treatment. Abreach of any of these duties will support an action for negligence by the patients. The liability of a doctor arises not when the patient has suffered any injury but the when the injury has resulted due to the conduct of the doctor of the doctor which has fallen below that of reasonable care .In other words the doctor is not liable for every injury suffered by a patient. He is liable for only those that are consequence of a breach of his duty and this breach of duty treated as strict liability.

Keywords :

• Medical Negligency
• Consumer Protection
• criminal intention and criminal activities .
• Medical Negligency
• Consumer Protection
• criminal intention and criminal activities .
• Consumer Protection
• criminal intention and criminal activities .
• Medical Negligency
• Consumer Protection
• criminal intention and criminal activities .
• Medical Negligency
• Medical Negligency
• Consumer Protection
• criminal intention and criminal activities .
• Consumer Protection
• criminal intention and criminal activities .

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References :

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227. AIR 2010 SC 1050
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239. AIR 2010 SC 1162
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260. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
261. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
262. AIR 2002 J&K 65
263. AIR 2011 Guj 77
264. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
265. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
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267. AIR 2002 J&K 65
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269. 118.
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274. AIR 2010 SC 1162
275. AIR 2005 SC 3280
276. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
277. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
278. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
279. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
280. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
281. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
282. AIR 2011 Guj 77
283. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
284. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
285. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
286. AIR 2002 J&K 65
287. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
288. AIR 2010 SC 1162
289. AIR 2005 SC 3280
290. AIR 2011 Guj 77
291. AIR 2011 Guj 77
292. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
293. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
294. AIR 2011 Guj 77
295. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
296. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
297. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
298. AIR 2002 J&K 65
299. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
300. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
301. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
302. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
303. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
304. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
305. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
306. AIR 1969 SC 128
307. 118.
308. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
309. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
310. AIR 2010 SC 1050
311. AIR 1969 SC 128
312. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
313. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
314. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
315. AIR 2002 J&K 65
316. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
317. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
318. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
319. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
320. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
321. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
322. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
323. AIR 1969 SC 128
324. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
325. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
326. AIR 2010 SC 1050
327. AIR 2011 Guj 77
328. AIR 2010 SC 1050
329. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
330. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
331. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
332. AIR 2002 J&K 65
333. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
334. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
335. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
336. AIR 2002 J&K 65
337. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
338. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
339. AIR 2010 SC 1050
340. 118.
341. AIR 2011 Guj 77
342. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
343. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
344. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
345. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
346. AIR 2002 J&K 65
347. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
348. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
349. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
350. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
351. AIR 2002 J&K 65
352. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
353. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
354. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
355. AIR 2010 SC 1050
356. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
357. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
358. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
359. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
360. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
361. AIR 2010 SC 1050
362. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
363. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
364. AIR 2010 SC 1050
365. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
366. AIR 2002 J&K 65
367. 118.
368. AIR 2011 Guj 77
369. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
370. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
371. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
372. AIR 1969 SC 128
373. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
374. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
375. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
376. AIR 2002 J&K 65
377. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
378. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
379. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
380. AIR 2002 J&K 65
381. AIR 2010 SC 1050
382. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
383. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
384. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
385. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
386. AIR 2002 J&K 65
387. AIR 2011 Guj 77
388. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
389. 118.
390. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
391. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
392. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
393. AIR 2002 J&K 65
394. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
395. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
396. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
397. AIR 2010 SC 1050
398. 118.
399. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
400. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
401. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
402. AIR 2002 J&K 65
403. AIR 1969 SC 128
404. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
405. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
406. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
407. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
408. AIR 2010 SC 1050
409. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
410. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
411. AIR 2010 SC 1162
412. AIR 2005 SC 3280
413. AIR 1969 SC 128
414. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
415. AIR 2010 SC 1050
416. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
417. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
418. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
419. AIR 1969 SC 128
420. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
421. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
422. AIR 2010 SC 1162
423. AIR 2005 SC 3280
424. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
425. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
426. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
427. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
428. AIR 2002 J&K 65
429. AIR 2010 SC 1050
430. 118.
431. 118.
432. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
433. 118.
434. AIR 2011 Guj 77
435. 118.
436. 118.
437. 118.
438. AIR 2011 Guj 77
439. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
440. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
441. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
442. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
443. AIR 2002 J&K 65
444. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
445. AIR 2010 SC 1050
446. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
447. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
448. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
449. AIR 2002 J&K 65
450. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
451. AIR 2011 Guj 77
452. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
453. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
454. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
455. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
456. AIR 2002 J&K 65
457. AIR 1969 SC 128
458. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
459. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
460. AIR 2002 J&K 65
461. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
462. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
463. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
464. AIR 2002 J&K 65
465. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
466. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
467. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
468. AIR 2010 SC 1162
469. AIR 2005 SC 3280
470. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
471. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
472. AIR 2010 SC 1050
473. AIR 1969 SC 128
474. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
475. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
476. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
477. AIR 2002 J&K 65
478. AIR 1969 SC 128
479. AIR 1969 SC 128
480. AIR 2010 SC 1162
481. AIR 2005 SC 3280
482. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
483. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
484. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
485. AIR 2002 J&K 65
486. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
487. AIR 2010 SC 1050
488. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
489. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
490. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
491. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
492. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
493. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
494. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
495. AIR 2002 J&K 65
496. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
497. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
498. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
499. AIR 2002 J&K 65
500. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
501. AIR 2010 SC 1162
502. AIR 2005 SC 3280
503. AIR 2010 SC 1162
504. AIR 2005 SC 3280
505. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
506. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
507. 118.
508. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
509. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
510. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
511. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
512. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
513. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
514. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
515. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
516. AIR 2002 J&K 65
517. AIR 2010 SC 1050
518. 118.
519. AIR 1969 SC 128
520. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
521. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
522. AIR 2002 J&K 65
523. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
524. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
525. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
526. AIR 2002 J&K 65
527. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
528. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
529. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
530. AIR 2002 J&K 65
531. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
532. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
533. AIR 2010 SC 1050
534. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
535. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
536. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
537. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
538. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
539. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
540. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
541. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
542. AIR 2002 J&K 65
543. AIR 1969 SC 128
544. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
545. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
546. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
547. AIR 2002 J&K 65
548. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
549. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
550. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
551. AIR 2002 J&K 65
552. AIR 2011 Guj 77
553. M. K. Balachandran, Consumer protection act and Medical profession, Department of Consumer affairs, Govt. of India in association with I.I.P. ANew Delhi 2006, reprint 2008, pp. 7-8
554. AIR 1969 SC 128
555. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
556. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
557. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
558. AIR 2002 J&K 65
559. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
560. 118.
561. AIR 2011 Guj 77
562. Dr. Winfield cited in WHVRogers, Law of Torts (17th ed. 2006) p. 5.
563. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
564. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
565. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
566. AIR 2002 J&K 65
567. AIR 2010 SC 1050
568. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
569. Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCC 129.
570. AIR 2011 MP47 : See also Martin D. Souza V. Mohd Ishfaq AIR 2009 SC 2004, Jacob Mathew V. State of Punjab (2005) 6 SCCI, Vinitha Ashok V. Laxmi Hospital AIR 2001 SC 3914 etc.
571. AIR 2011 Guj 77
572. Bill of Rights of the Consumers on March 15, 1962.
573. AIR 2010 SC 1050
574. AIR 1969 SC 128
575. 118.
576. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
577. AIR 2011 Guj 77
578. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
579. Bolam V. Friern Hospital Management Committee, Queen’s Bench Division 1957, 1 WLR 582, (1957) 2 All. E. R.,
580. 118.
581. AIR 2010 SC 1162
582. AIR 2005 SC 3280
583. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
584. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.
585. Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha and Ors. AIR 1996 SC 558
586. AIR 2002 J&K 65
587. Law of Torts, Ratan lal and Dhiraj Lal, Twenty fourth Edition, 2002.
588. AIR 2010 SC 1050
589. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503.
590. M. Chinnaiyan V. Sri Gokulam Hospital & Another III (2007) CPJ 228 (NC) 36.
591. Dr. Sathy M. Pillai & Another V. S. Sharma & Another IV (2007) CPJ 131 (NC) emphasis Added.

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