Indian Streams Research Journal

Volume : IV, Issue : VIII, September - 2014

WOMEN LEADERSHIP IN HIGHER EDUCATION: BREAKING THE GLASS CEILLING

Deepalee Ambalal Mahida, -

DOI : 10.9780/22307850, By : Laxmi Book Publication

Abstract :

As long as the traditional values and belief systems about men’s and women’s places as well as roles in the society remain unchanged, men and women will continue to have gendered experiences in higher education and in the workplace. The present paper aims at studying the women leadership in higher education with reference to their success as leaders, barriers and strategies for overcoming these barriers.

Keywords :

• Women Leadership
• Higher Education
• Glass Ceilling
• traditional values .
• Women Leadership
• Higher Education
• Glass Ceilling
• traditional values .
• Women Leadership
• Higher Education
• Glass Ceilling
• traditional values .
• Women Leadership
• Higher Education
• Glass Ceilling
• traditional values .
• Glass Ceilling
• traditional values .
• Women Leadership
• Higher Education

Article :

• Download PDF
• View PDF Online
• Full Text HTML

Cite This Article :

References :

1. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
2. universities: Summary report 2001 [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 23, 2004, from
3. Retrieved October 9, 2004, from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2001/print/genderstatement-print.html
4. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
5. universities: Summary report 2001 [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 23, 2004, from
6. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
7. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
8. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
9. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
10. universities: Summary report 2001 [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 23, 2004, from
11. universities: Summary report 2001 [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 23, 2004, from
12. Retrieved October 9, 2004, from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2001/print/genderstatement-print.html
13. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
14. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
15. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
16. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
17. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
18. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
19. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
20. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
21. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
22. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
23. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
24. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
25. Retrieved October 9, 2004, from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2001/print/genderstatement-print.html
26. Retrieved October 9, 2004, from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2001/print/genderstatement-print.html
27. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
28. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
29. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
30. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
31. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
32. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
33. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
34. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
35. Retrieved October 9, 2004, from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2001/print/genderstatement-print.html
36. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
37. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
38. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
39. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
40. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
41. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
42. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
43. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
44. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
45. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
46. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
47. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
48. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
49. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
50. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
51. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
52. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
53. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
54. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
55. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
56. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
57. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
58. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
59. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
60. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
61. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
62. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
63. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
64. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
65. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
66. Retrieved October 9, 2004, from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2001/print/genderstatement-print.html
67. universities: Summary report 2001 [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 23, 2004, from
68. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
69. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
70. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
71. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
72. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
73. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
74. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
75. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
76. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
77. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
78. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
79. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
80. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
81. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
82. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
83. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
84. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
85. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
86. Retrieved October 9, 2004, from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2001/print/genderstatement-print.html
87. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
88. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
89. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
90. universities: Summary report 2001 [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 23, 2004, from
91. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
92. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
93. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
94. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
95. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
96. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
97. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
98. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
99. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
100. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
101. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
102. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
103. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
104. universities: Summary report 2001 [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 23, 2004, from
105. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
106. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
107. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
108. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
109. universities: Summary report 2001 [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 23, 2004, from
110. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
111. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
112. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
113. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
114. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
115. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
116. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
117. universities: Summary report 2001 [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 23, 2004, from
118. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
119. Retrieved October 9, 2004, from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2001/print/genderstatement-print.html
120. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
121. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
122. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
123. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
124. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
125. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
126. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
127. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
128. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
129. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
130. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
131. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
132. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
133. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
134. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
135. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
136. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
137. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
138. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
139. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
140. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
141. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
142. universities: Summary report 2001 [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 23, 2004, from
143. Retrieved October 9, 2004, from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2001/print/genderstatement-print.html
144. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
145. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
146. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
147. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
148. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
149. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
150. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
151. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
152. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
153. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
154. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
155. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
156. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
157. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
158. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
159. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
160. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
161. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
162. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
163. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
164. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
165. universities: Summary report 2001 [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 23, 2004, from
166. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
167. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
168. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
169. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
170. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
171. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
172. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
173. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
174. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
175. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
176. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
177. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
178. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
179. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
180. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
181. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
182. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
183. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
184. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
185. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
186. Retrieved October 9, 2004, from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2001/print/genderstatement-print.html
187. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
188. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
189. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
190. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
191. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
192. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
193. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
194. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
195. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
196. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
197. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
198. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
199. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
200. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
201. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
202. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
203. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
204. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
205. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
206. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
207. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
208. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
209. universities: Summary report 2001 [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 23, 2004, from
210. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
211. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
212. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
213. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
214. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
215. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
216. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
217. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
218. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
219. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
220. universities: Summary report 2001 [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 23, 2004, from
221. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
222. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
223. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
224. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
225. universities: Summary report 2001 [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 23, 2004, from
226. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
227. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
228. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
229. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
230. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
231. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
232. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
233. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
234. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
235. Retrieved October 9, 2004, from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2001/print/genderstatement-print.html
236. Retrieved October 9, 2004, from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2001/print/genderstatement-print.html
237. Retrieved October 9, 2004, from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2001/print/genderstatement-print.html
238. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
239. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
240. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
241. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
242. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
243. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
244. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
245. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
246. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
247. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
248. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
249. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
250. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
251. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
252. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
253. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
254. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
255. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
256. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
257. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
258. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
259. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
260. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
261. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
262. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
263. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
264. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
265. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
266. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
267. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
268. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
269. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
270. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
271. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
272. Retrieved October 9, 2004, from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2001/print/genderstatement-print.html
273. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
274. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
275. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
276. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
277. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
278. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
279. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
280. universities: Summary report 2001 [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 23, 2004, from
281. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
282. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
283. Retrieved October 9, 2004, from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2001/print/genderstatement-print.html
284. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
285. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
286. Retrieved October 9, 2004, from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2001/print/genderstatement-print.html
287. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
288. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
289. universities: Summary report 2001 [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 23, 2004, from
290. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
291. universities: Summary report 2001 [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 23, 2004, from
292. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
293. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
294. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
295. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
296. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
297. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
298. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
299. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
300. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
301. Retrieved October 9, 2004, from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2001/print/genderstatement-print.html
302. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
303. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
304. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
305. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
306. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
307. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
308. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
309. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership. New York, NY: Free Press.
310. Mark, S. F. (1981). Leadership in higher education: A critical review of sex differences. Journal of Educational
311. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
312. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
313. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
314. Retrieved October 9, 2004, from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2001/print/genderstatement-print.html
315. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
316. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
317. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
318. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
319. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
320. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
321. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
322. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
323. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
324. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
325. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
326. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
327. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
328. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
329. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
330. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
331. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
332. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
333. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
334. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
335. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
336. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
337. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
338. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
339. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
340. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
341. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
342. National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago. (2001). Doctorate recipients from United States
343. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
344. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
345. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
346. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
347. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
348. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
349. universities: Summary report 2001 [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 23, 2004, from
350. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
351. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender. Educational
352. Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 314-329.
353. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
354. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2001). Statement on gender equity in academic science and engineering.
355. Anderson, R. T., & Ramey, P. (1990). Women in higher education: Development through administrative mentoring.
356. Dickson, A. (2000). Women at work: Strategies for survival and success. Dover, NH: Kogan Page.
357. http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issues/sed-2001.pdf
358. Cantor, D. W., & Bernay, T. (1992). Women in power. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
359. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
360. Equity and Leadership, 1, 180-200.
361. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.
362. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Women in higher education: Changes and challenges (pp. 183-190). New York: Praeger.
363. Alvesson, M., & Billing, Y. D. (1997). Understanding gender and organizations. London: Sage.

Article Post Production

No data exists for the row/column.