DOI Prefix : 10.9780 | Journal DOI : 10.9780/22307850
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Volume : III, Issue : XII, January - 2014

EFFECT OF SALINITY STRESS AND WATER MAGNETIZATION ON GROWTH OF GUINEA GRASS (PANICUM MAXIMUM)

Al-Faidi, M. A. , Al-Toukhy, A. A. and Al-Zahrani, H. S.

DOI : 10.9780/22307850, By : Laxmi Book Publication

Abstract :

A field experiment was carried out at the open site of King Abdulaziz University agricultural nursery in Jeddah during the year 2013, in order to examine the effects of salt stress and water magnetization on growth of (Guinea grass). Split plot design fitted in randomized complete plots with three replicates was used. The main plots were represented by magnetization treatment (magnetized + non magnetized sea water), while the subplots were represented by salt treatment. Six salt concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60%) were made by mixing sea water with fresh water, plus control fresh water (0%). Seven plots (six salt concentrations + control) were irrigated after passing the water through the magnetization device, whereas the other set of seven plots were irrigated directly by drip irrigation. The results showed that water magnetization reduced the deleterious effects of salt stress on shoot height, number of branches, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight, fresh weigh and moisture content compared to the salt concentrations without magnetization. Also, the results revealed that salinity resulted in reduced plant growth values with increasing salt concentration compared to control fresh water in both magnetization treatments. The study highlighted the effective use of magnetic technology to reduce the negative effects of saline irrigation water on plant growth.

Keywords :


    Article :


    Cite This Article :

    Al-Faidi, M. A. , Al-Toukhy, A. A. and Al-Zahrani, H. S.(2014). EFFECT OF SALINITY STRESS AND WATER MAGNETIZATION ON GROWTH OF GUINEA GRASS (PANICUM MAXIMUM). Indian Streams Research Journal, Vol. III, Issue. XII, DOI : 10.9780/22307850, http://isrj.org/UploadedData/4038.pdf

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    171. Berrichi, A., Tazi, R., Bellirou, A., Kouddane, N. and Bouak, A. 2010. Role of salt stress on seed germination and growth of
    172. Duarte Diaz, C.E., Riquenes, J.A., Sotolongo, B., Portuondo, M.A., Quintana, E.O. and Perez, R. 1997. Effects of magnetic
    173. De Souza, A., Casate, R. and Porras, E. 1999. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
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    177. Duarte Diaz, C.E., Riquenes, J.A., Sotolongo, B., Portuondo, M.A., Quintana, E.O. and Perez, R. 1997. Effects of magnetic
    178. De Souza, A., Casate, R. and Porras, E. 1999. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
    179. Jojoba plant Simmondsia chinenesis (Link) Schneider. IUFS Journal of Biology, 69(1): 33-39.
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    181. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(12): 1596-1599
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    183. Flowers, T.J. and Colmer, T.D. 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. Tansley review, New Phytologist, Black ll
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    185. Dandan and Yan . 2013. Effects of Magnetized Saline on Growth and Development of Winter Wheat Seedlings . Advance
    186. Flowers, T.J. and Colmer, T.D. 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. Tansley review, New Phytologist, Black ll
    187. De Souza, A., Casate, R. and Porras, E. 1999. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
    188. On germination and seedling growth [in Spanish]. Invest Agr: Prod. Prot. Veg., 14(3): 67-74.
    189. treatment of irrigation water on the tomato crop. Hortic. Abst., 69: 494.
    190. Vol. 2A (Luttge U., Pittman M.G., eds.), Springer- Verlag, Berlin. 53-92 pp.
    191. Vol. 2A (Luttge U., Pittman M.G., eds.), Springer- Verlag, Berlin. 53-92 pp.
    192. Dandan and Yan . 2013. Effects of Magnetized Saline on Growth and Development of Winter Wheat Seedlings . Advance
    193. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(12): 1596-1599
    194. Flowers, T.J. and Colmer, T.D. 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. Tansley review, New Phytologist, Black ll
    195. strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Camarosa). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section B, Soil and Plant Sci, 5: 135–1
    196. Berrichi, A., Tazi, R., Bellirou, A., Kouddane, N. and Bouak, A. 2010. Role of salt stress on seed germination and growth of
    197. treatment of irrigation water on the tomato crop. Hortic. Abst., 69: 494.
    198. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(12): 1596-1599
    199. Esitken, A. and Turan, M. 2003. Alternating magnetic field effects on yield and plant nutrient element composition of
    200. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(12): 1596-1599
    201. Berrichi, A., Tazi, R., Bellirou, A., Kouddane, N. and Bouak, A. 2010. Role of salt stress on seed germination and growth of
    202. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(12): 1596-1599
    203. Esitken, A. and Turan, M. 2003. Alternating magnetic field effects on yield and plant nutrient element composition of
    204. Jojoba plant Simmondsia chinenesis (Link) Schneider. IUFS Journal of Biology, 69(1): 33-39.
    205. Findlay, G.P. and Hope, A.B. 1976. Electrical properties cells: methods and findings. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology,
    206. Duarte Diaz, C.E., Riquenes, J.A., Sotolongo, B., Portuondo, M.A., Quintana, E.O. and Perez, R. 1997. Effects of magnetic
    207. Dandan and Yan . 2013. Effects of Magnetized Saline on Growth and Development of Winter Wheat Seedlings . Advance
    208. Flowers, T.J. and Colmer, T.D. 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. Tansley review, New Phytologist, Black ll
    209. On germination and seedling growth [in Spanish]. Invest Agr: Prod. Prot. Veg., 14(3): 67-74.
    210. Publishing Ltd Oxford
    211. treatment of irrigation water on the tomato crop. Hortic. Abst., 69: 494.
    212. De Souza, A., Casate, R. and Porras, E. 1999. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
    213. Esitken, A. and Turan, M. 2003. Alternating magnetic field effects on yield and plant nutrient element composition of
    214. On germination and seedling growth [in Spanish]. Invest Agr: Prod. Prot. Veg., 14(3): 67-74.
    215. Vol. 2A (Luttge U., Pittman M.G., eds.), Springer- Verlag, Berlin. 53-92 pp.
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    218. Duarte Diaz, C.E., Riquenes, J.A., Sotolongo, B., Portuondo, M.A., Quintana, E.O. and Perez, R. 1997. Effects of magnetic
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    220. Duarte Diaz, C.E., Riquenes, J.A., Sotolongo, B., Portuondo, M.A., Quintana, E.O. and Perez, R. 1997. Effects of magnetic
    221. Dandan and Yan . 2013. Effects of Magnetized Saline on Growth and Development of Winter Wheat Seedlings . Advance
    222. Flowers, T.J. and Colmer, T.D. 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. Tansley review, New Phytologist, Black ll
    223. Vol. 2A (Luttge U., Pittman M.G., eds.), Springer- Verlag, Berlin. 53-92 pp.
    224. Esitken, A. and Turan, M. 2003. Alternating magnetic field effects on yield and plant nutrient element composition of
    225. Boe, A.A. and Salunkhe, D.K. 1963. Effects of magnetic fields on tomato ripening. Nature, 199: 91-92.
    226. On germination and seedling growth [in Spanish]. Invest Agr: Prod. Prot. Veg., 14(3): 67-74.
    227. De Souza, A., Casate, R. and Porras, E. 1999. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
    228. Duarte Diaz, C.E., Riquenes, J.A., Sotolongo, B., Portuondo, M.A., Quintana, E.O. and Perez, R. 1997. Effects of magnetic
    229. Jojoba plant Simmondsia chinenesis (Link) Schneider. IUFS Journal of Biology, 69(1): 33-39.
    230. Findlay, G.P. and Hope, A.B. 1976. Electrical properties cells: methods and findings. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology,
    231. Publishing Ltd Oxford
    232. Jojoba plant Simmondsia chinenesis (Link) Schneider. IUFS Journal of Biology, 69(1): 33-39.
    233. Findlay, G.P. and Hope, A.B. 1976. Electrical properties cells: methods and findings. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology,
    234. Duarte Diaz, C.E., Riquenes, J.A., Sotolongo, B., Portuondo, M.A., Quintana, E.O. and Perez, R. 1997. Effects of magnetic
    235. Esitken, A. and Turan, M. 2003. Alternating magnetic field effects on yield and plant nutrient element composition of
    236. Publishing Ltd Oxford
    237. Esitken, A. and Turan, M. 2003. Alternating magnetic field effects on yield and plant nutrient element composition of
    238. treatment of irrigation water on the tomato crop. Hortic. Abst., 69: 494.
    239. Boe, A.A. and Salunkhe, D.K. 1963. Effects of magnetic fields on tomato ripening. Nature, 199: 91-92.
    240. Berrichi, A., Tazi, R., Bellirou, A., Kouddane, N. and Bouak, A. 2010. Role of salt stress on seed germination and growth of
    241. Berrichi, A., Tazi, R., Bellirou, A., Kouddane, N. and Bouak, A. 2010. Role of salt stress on seed germination and growth of
    242. Boe, A.A. and Salunkhe, D.K. 1963. Effects of magnetic fields on tomato ripening. Nature, 199: 91-92.
    243. Publishing Ltd Oxford
    244. Esitken, A. and Turan, M. 2003. Alternating magnetic field effects on yield and plant nutrient element composition of
    245. Boe, A.A. and Salunkhe, D.K. 1963. Effects of magnetic fields on tomato ripening. Nature, 199: 91-92.
    246. strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Camarosa). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section B, Soil and Plant Sci, 5: 135–1
    247. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(12): 1596-1599
    248. Esitken, A. and Turan, M. 2003. Alternating magnetic field effects on yield and plant nutrient element composition of
    249. De Souza, A., Casate, R. and Porras, E. 1999. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
    250. Publishing Ltd Oxford
    251. Findlay, G.P. and Hope, A.B. 1976. Electrical properties cells: methods and findings. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology,
    252. strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Camarosa). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section B, Soil and Plant Sci, 5: 135–1
    253. Boe, A.A. and Salunkhe, D.K. 1963. Effects of magnetic fields on tomato ripening. Nature, 199: 91-92.
    254. Berrichi, A., Tazi, R., Bellirou, A., Kouddane, N. and Bouak, A. 2010. Role of salt stress on seed germination and growth of
    255. Dandan and Yan . 2013. Effects of Magnetized Saline on Growth and Development of Winter Wheat Seedlings . Advance
    256. Flowers, T.J. and Colmer, T.D. 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. Tansley review, New Phytologist, Black ll
    257. Jojoba plant Simmondsia chinenesis (Link) Schneider. IUFS Journal of Biology, 69(1): 33-39.
    258. Findlay, G.P. and Hope, A.B. 1976. Electrical properties cells: methods and findings. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology,
    259. treatment of irrigation water on the tomato crop. Hortic. Abst., 69: 494.
    260. Vol. 2A (Luttge U., Pittman M.G., eds.), Springer- Verlag, Berlin. 53-92 pp.
    261. Jojoba plant Simmondsia chinenesis (Link) Schneider. IUFS Journal of Biology, 69(1): 33-39.
    262. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(12): 1596-1599
    263. Esitken, A. and Turan, M. 2003. Alternating magnetic field effects on yield and plant nutrient element composition of
    264. Esitken, A. and Turan, M. 2003. Alternating magnetic field effects on yield and plant nutrient element composition of
    265. treatment of irrigation water on the tomato crop. Hortic. Abst., 69: 494.
    266. De Souza, A., Casate, R. and Porras, E. 1999. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
    267. De Souza, A., Casate, R. and Porras, E. 1999. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
    268. Dandan and Yan . 2013. Effects of Magnetized Saline on Growth and Development of Winter Wheat Seedlings . Advance
    269. Flowers, T.J. and Colmer, T.D. 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. Tansley review, New Phytologist, Black ll
    270. Publishing Ltd Oxford
    271. De Souza, A., Casate, R. and Porras, E. 1999. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
    272. Boe, A.A. and Salunkhe, D.K. 1963. Effects of magnetic fields on tomato ripening. Nature, 199: 91-92.
    273. Vol. 2A (Luttge U., Pittman M.G., eds.), Springer- Verlag, Berlin. 53-92 pp.
    274. Duarte Diaz, C.E., Riquenes, J.A., Sotolongo, B., Portuondo, M.A., Quintana, E.O. and Perez, R. 1997. Effects of magnetic
    275. Berrichi, A., Tazi, R., Bellirou, A., Kouddane, N. and Bouak, A. 2010. Role of salt stress on seed germination and growth of
    276. strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Camarosa). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section B, Soil and Plant Sci, 5: 135–1
    277. Jojoba plant Simmondsia chinenesis (Link) Schneider. IUFS Journal of Biology, 69(1): 33-39.
    278. Findlay, G.P. and Hope, A.B. 1976. Electrical properties cells: methods and findings. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology,
    279. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(12): 1596-1599
    280. Jojoba plant Simmondsia chinenesis (Link) Schneider. IUFS Journal of Biology, 69(1): 33-39.
    281. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(12): 1596-1599
    282. Esitken, A. and Turan, M. 2003. Alternating magnetic field effects on yield and plant nutrient element composition of
    283. Findlay, G.P. and Hope, A.B. 1976. Electrical properties cells: methods and findings. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology,
    284. Esitken, A. and Turan, M. 2003. Alternating magnetic field effects on yield and plant nutrient element composition of
    285. De Souza, A., Casate, R. and Porras, E. 1999. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
    286. Boe, A.A. and Salunkhe, D.K. 1963. Effects of magnetic fields on tomato ripening. Nature, 199: 91-92.
    287. Dandan and Yan . 2013. Effects of Magnetized Saline on Growth and Development of Winter Wheat Seedlings . Advance
    288. Flowers, T.J. and Colmer, T.D. 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. Tansley review, New Phytologist, Black ll
    289. treatment of irrigation water on the tomato crop. Hortic. Abst., 69: 494.
    290. Vol. 2A (Luttge U., Pittman M.G., eds.), Springer- Verlag, Berlin. 53-92 pp.
    291. treatment of irrigation water on the tomato crop. Hortic. Abst., 69: 494.
    292. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(12): 1596-1599
    293. Dandan and Yan . 2013. Effects of Magnetized Saline on Growth and Development of Winter Wheat Seedlings . Advance
    294. Flowers, T.J. and Colmer, T.D. 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. Tansley review, New Phytologist, Black ll
    295. Vol. 2A (Luttge U., Pittman M.G., eds.), Springer- Verlag, Berlin. 53-92 pp.
    296. Vol. 2A (Luttge U., Pittman M.G., eds.), Springer- Verlag, Berlin. 53-92 pp.
    297. Boe, A.A. and Salunkhe, D.K. 1963. Effects of magnetic fields on tomato ripening. Nature, 199: 91-92.
    298. Duarte Diaz, C.E., Riquenes, J.A., Sotolongo, B., Portuondo, M.A., Quintana, E.O. and Perez, R. 1997. Effects of magnetic
    299. Duarte Diaz, C.E., Riquenes, J.A., Sotolongo, B., Portuondo, M.A., Quintana, E.O. and Perez, R. 1997. Effects of magnetic
    300. De Souza, A., Casate, R. and Porras, E. 1999. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
    301. De Souza, A., Casate, R. and Porras, E. 1999. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
    302. De Souza, A., Casate, R. and Porras, E. 1999. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
    303. On germination and seedling growth [in Spanish]. Invest Agr: Prod. Prot. Veg., 14(3): 67-74.
    304. Berrichi, A., Tazi, R., Bellirou, A., Kouddane, N. and Bouak, A. 2010. Role of salt stress on seed germination and growth of
    305. Flowers, T.J. and Colmer, T.D. 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. Tansley review, New Phytologist, Black ll
    306. Jojoba plant Simmondsia chinenesis (Link) Schneider. IUFS Journal of Biology, 69(1): 33-39.
    307. Findlay, G.P. and Hope, A.B. 1976. Electrical properties cells: methods and findings. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology,
    308. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(12): 1596-1599
    309. Boe, A.A. and Salunkhe, D.K. 1963. Effects of magnetic fields on tomato ripening. Nature, 199: 91-92.
    310. Berrichi, A., Tazi, R., Bellirou, A., Kouddane, N. and Bouak, A. 2010. Role of salt stress on seed germination and growth of
    311. Dandan and Yan . 2013. Effects of Magnetized Saline on Growth and Development of Winter Wheat Seedlings . Advance
    312. Flowers, T.J. and Colmer, T.D. 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. Tansley review, New Phytologist, Black ll
    313. strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Camarosa). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section B, Soil and Plant Sci, 5: 135–1
    314. Dandan and Yan . 2013. Effects of Magnetized Saline on Growth and Development of Winter Wheat Seedlings . Advance
    315. Jojoba plant Simmondsia chinenesis (Link) Schneider. IUFS Journal of Biology, 69(1): 33-39.
    316. Findlay, G.P. and Hope, A.B. 1976. Electrical properties cells: methods and findings. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology,
    317. De Souza, A., Casate, R. and Porras, E. 1999. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
    318. Esitken, A. and Turan, M. 2003. Alternating magnetic field effects on yield and plant nutrient element composition of
    319. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(12): 1596-1599
    320. Vol. 2A (Luttge U., Pittman M.G., eds.), Springer- Verlag, Berlin. 53-92 pp.
    321. Berrichi, A., Tazi, R., Bellirou, A., Kouddane, N. and Bouak, A. 2010. Role of salt stress on seed germination and growth of
    322. Boe, A.A. and Salunkhe, D.K. 1963. Effects of magnetic fields on tomato ripening. Nature, 199: 91-92.
    323. Duarte Diaz, C.E., Riquenes, J.A., Sotolongo, B., Portuondo, M.A., Quintana, E.O. and Perez, R. 1997. Effects of magnetic
    324. Esitken, A. and Turan, M. 2003. Alternating magnetic field effects on yield and plant nutrient element composition of
    325. Dandan and Yan . 2013. Effects of Magnetized Saline on Growth and Development of Winter Wheat Seedlings . Advance
    326. Flowers, T.J. and Colmer, T.D. 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. Tansley review, New Phytologist, Black ll
    327. treatment of irrigation water on the tomato crop. Hortic. Abst., 69: 494.
    328. treatment of irrigation water on the tomato crop. Hortic. Abst., 69: 494.
    329. treatment of irrigation water on the tomato crop. Hortic. Abst., 69: 494.
    330. Jojoba plant Simmondsia chinenesis (Link) Schneider. IUFS Journal of Biology, 69(1): 33-39.
    331. Findlay, G.P. and Hope, A.B. 1976. Electrical properties cells: methods and findings. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology,
    332. treatment of irrigation water on the tomato crop. Hortic. Abst., 69: 494.
    333. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(12): 1596-1599
    334. On germination and seedling growth [in Spanish]. Invest Agr: Prod. Prot. Veg., 14(3): 67-74.
    335. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(12): 1596-1599
    336. Esitken, A. and Turan, M. 2003. Alternating magnetic field effects on yield and plant nutrient element composition of
    337. treatment of irrigation water on the tomato crop. Hortic. Abst., 69: 494.
    338. Flowers, T.J. and Colmer, T.D. 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. Tansley review, New Phytologist, Black ll
    339. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(12): 1596-1599
    340. De Souza, A., Casate, R. and Porras, E. 1999. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
    341. Berrichi, A., Tazi, R., Bellirou, A., Kouddane, N. and Bouak, A. 2010. Role of salt stress on seed germination and growth of
    342. Duarte Diaz, C.E., Riquenes, J.A., Sotolongo, B., Portuondo, M.A., Quintana, E.O. and Perez, R. 1997. Effects of magnetic
    343. Jojoba plant Simmondsia chinenesis (Link) Schneider. IUFS Journal of Biology, 69(1): 33-39.
    344. Findlay, G.P. and Hope, A.B. 1976. Electrical properties cells: methods and findings. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology,
    345. Dandan and Yan . 2013. Effects of Magnetized Saline on Growth and Development of Winter Wheat Seedlings . Advance
    346. Flowers, T.J. and Colmer, T.D. 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. Tansley review, New Phytologist, Black ll
    347. De Souza, A., Casate, R. and Porras, E. 1999. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
    348. Dandan and Yan . 2013. Effects of Magnetized Saline on Growth and Development of Winter Wheat Seedlings . Advance
    349. Jojoba plant Simmondsia chinenesis (Link) Schneider. IUFS Journal of Biology, 69(1): 33-39.
    350. Findlay, G.P. and Hope, A.B. 1976. Electrical properties cells: methods and findings. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology,
    351. Esitken, A. and Turan, M. 2003. Alternating magnetic field effects on yield and plant nutrient element composition of
    352. Dandan and Yan . 2013. Effects of Magnetized Saline on Growth and Development of Winter Wheat Seedlings . Advance
    353. Flowers, T.J. and Colmer, T.D. 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. Tansley review, New Phytologist, Black ll
    354. Dandan and Yan . 2013. Effects of Magnetized Saline on Growth and Development of Winter Wheat Seedlings . Advance
    355. Flowers, T.J. and Colmer, T.D. 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. Tansley review, New Phytologist, Black ll
    356. strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Camarosa). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section B, Soil and Plant Sci, 5: 135–1
    357. strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Camarosa). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section B, Soil and Plant Sci, 5: 135–1
    358. Duarte Diaz, C.E., Riquenes, J.A., Sotolongo, B., Portuondo, M.A., Quintana, E.O. and Perez, R. 1997. Effects of magnetic
    359. Jojoba plant Simmondsia chinenesis (Link) Schneider. IUFS Journal of Biology, 69(1): 33-39.
    360. Findlay, G.P. and Hope, A.B. 1976. Electrical properties cells: methods and findings. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology,
    361. Vol. 2A (Luttge U., Pittman M.G., eds.), Springer- Verlag, Berlin. 53-92 pp.
    362. Esitken, A. and Turan, M. 2003. Alternating magnetic field effects on yield and plant nutrient element composition of
    363. Jojoba plant Simmondsia chinenesis (Link) Schneider. IUFS Journal of Biology, 69(1): 33-39.
    364. Findlay, G.P. and Hope, A.B. 1976. Electrical properties cells: methods and findings. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology,
    365. Publishing Ltd Oxford
    366. Publishing Ltd Oxford
    367. Dandan and Yan . 2013. Effects of Magnetized Saline on Growth and Development of Winter Wheat Seedlings . Advance
    368. Flowers, T.J. and Colmer, T.D. 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. Tansley review, New Phytologist, Black ll
    369. Berrichi, A., Tazi, R., Bellirou, A., Kouddane, N. and Bouak, A. 2010. Role of salt stress on seed germination and growth of
    370. De Souza, A., Casate, R. and Porras, E. 1999. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
    371. De Souza, A., Casate, R. and Porras, E. 1999. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
    372. On germination and seedling growth [in Spanish]. Invest Agr: Prod. Prot. Veg., 14(3): 67-74.
    373. strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Camarosa). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section B, Soil and Plant Sci, 5: 135–1
    374. Publishing Ltd Oxford
    375. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(12): 1596-1599
    376. Publishing Ltd Oxford
    377. Berrichi, A., Tazi, R., Bellirou, A., Kouddane, N. and Bouak, A. 2010. Role of salt stress on seed germination and growth of
    378. Duarte Diaz, C.E., Riquenes, J.A., Sotolongo, B., Portuondo, M.A., Quintana, E.O. and Perez, R. 1997. Effects of magnetic
    379. strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Camarosa). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section B, Soil and Plant Sci, 5: 135–1
    380. treatment of irrigation water on the tomato crop. Hortic. Abst., 69: 494.
    381. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(12): 1596-1599
    382. Jojoba plant Simmondsia chinenesis (Link) Schneider. IUFS Journal of Biology, 69(1): 33-39.
    383. Findlay, G.P. and Hope, A.B. 1976. Electrical properties cells: methods and findings. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology,
    384. treatment of irrigation water on the tomato crop. Hortic. Abst., 69: 494.
    385. On germination and seedling growth [in Spanish]. Invest Agr: Prod. Prot. Veg., 14(3): 67-74.
    386. strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Camarosa). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section B, Soil and Plant Sci, 5: 135–1
    387. De Souza, A., Casate, R. and Porras, E. 1999. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

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